Use of clinoptilolite and an Fe-overexchanged clinoptilolite in Zn2+ and Mn2+ removal from drinking water

New Composite Materials in the Technology for Drinking Water Purification from Ionic and Colloidal Pollutants

“…However, it can affect the flavor and color of water because it typically causes brownishblack staining of laundry, dishes and glassware [32]. Although manganese is one of the elements that are at least toxic, concentrations of manganese much higher than the maximum allowed concentration during long-term exposure can cause health damage.…”

“…The removal of heavy metals from water includes the following procedures: chemical precipitation, coagulation/flocculation, membrane processes, ion exchange, adsorption, electrochemical precipitation, etc. [31,32]. However, the application of composite materials in the controlling of pollutants in the environment and drinking water is significant [33,34], as described in further text.…”

Application of Central Composite Design in the Adsorption of Ca(II) on Metakaolin Zeolite

“…Traditionally, water purification plants used lime and soda ash for the removal of hardness. One of the main drawbacks of this process is the generation of large amounts of liquid sludge as well as the need for recarbonation of the treated water [13]. The use of polyphosphates in removing water hardness is also practiced but results in massive discharge of phosphates in water bodies which lead to eutrophication [14].…”

Absorption Isotherm Study of Mn2+ on MnO2 and FeO - coated zeolite from aqueous solution

“…Heavy metals may come from various industrial sources such as electroplating, metal finishing, metallurgy, chemical manufacturing, mining and battery manufacturing. Ions like Hg are especially common metals that tend to accumulate in organisms, causing numerous diseases and disorders [1][2]. For drinking water, the recommended maximum contaminant level of Mn 2+ by US Environmental Protection Agency is 0.05 mg/L [3][4].…”