Use of cuprous thiocyanate as a short-term continuous marker for faeces.

Dick, Matthew H.

doi:10.1136/gut.10.5.408

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Metabolic balance studies were performed according to standard principles (Reifenstein, Albright, and Wells, 1945) improved by the use of cuprous thiocyanate as an internal marker (Dick, 1969 A 57-year-old man was admitted to the metabolic ward in April 1972 with a history of idiopathic major and minor epilepsy since the age of 16. He had been resident in an epileptic colony for 20 years, and for five years his treatment had consisted of primidone 750 mg daily and phenytoin 300 mg daily.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Levels and Therapeutic Effect of 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol in Epileptic Patients taking Anticonvulsant Drugs

Stamp¹,

Round²,

Rowe³

et al. 1972

BMJ

203

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SummaryPlasma levels of were measured by a specific competitive protein-binding assay. Mean levels in both normal London adults and adolescent schoolchildren were 16 ngi'ml and the mean level in a group of epileptic patients on high-dosage anticonvulsant therapy was 5 ng ml, (difference from normals P < 0-001). Two further epileptic patients, with well-marked anticonvulsant osteomalacia, were treated with small doses of 25-HCC during full metabolic balance studies; rapid healing followed administration of 25-HCC by mouth in doses of 10-45 jig daily, which is well below the effective dose range of calciferol in this condition. These findings provided further evidence that anticonvulsant osteomalacia results from hepatic enzyme induction which, by increasing the metabolism of cholecalciferol to inactive compounds, lowers 25-HCC levels in patients whose dietary vitamin D intake and exposure to sunlight are otherwise adequate. Results also indicated that under certain circumstances 25-HCC may have considerably stronger antirachitic potency in man than has hitherto been recognized.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Levels and Therapeutic Effect of 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol in Epileptic Patients taking Anticonvulsant Drugs

Stamp¹,

Round²,

Rowe³

et al. 1972

BMJ

203

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“…Similar results for corrected 24-hour fat excretion were obtained when only 15 to 35 g of stool was analysed. Secondly, radiographs of stools before analysis have shown TOXICITY STUDIES Experiments described in the previous paper (Dick, 1969) have demonstrated that there is full faecal recovery of copper when CuSCN is given by mouth and that no copper is absorbed. It has been found, however, that small amounts of thiocyanate can be demonstrated in the plasma of patients during CuSCN administration.…”

Section: Period Required To Establish a Steady State Formentioning

confidence: 97%

“…We have used cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN) as a continuous marker. Its advantages over other markers, the methods of its preparation and estimation in faeces, and experiments demonstrating full recovery of the copper from the faeces have been described in a previous paper (Dick, 1969).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of faecal fat excretion using cuprous thiocyanate as a continuous marker

Lee¹,

Temperley²,

Dick³

1969

Gut

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SUMMARY A method for the estimation of faecal fat excretion using cuprous thiocyanate as a continuous marker is described. Results obtained from a single stool sample are in close agreement with those from a three-day collection using this technique. The method is simpler and more accurate than collections done without a marker.The estimation of faecal fat excretion plays an important part in the investigation of malabsorption. The standard technique commonly used involves the collection of all faeces passed during a period of three to five days, followed by measurement of the amount of fat in the sample. This method has several disadvantages. It is inaccurate, as it assumes that faecal flow rate and daily turnover are constant: therefore irregular bowel action and incomplete evacuation produce false results. Loss of stool, due either to incontinence or incomplete collection, produces further inaccuracies. The method is time consuming and unpleasant for both nursing and laboratory staff, and it is usually necessary to admit the patient to hospital. It has been estimated that up to 30% of faecal fat excretion results obtained from three to five-day collections are inaccurate for these reasons (Penfold, 1967). There is, therefore, a need for a simple, rapid, and accurate method for the measurement of fat excretion. PRINCIPLESThe use of a continuous marker obviates the necessity for quantitative faecal collections. An accurately weighed amount of an inert substance is given daily by mouth in divided doses. After a steady state has been reached in the bowel with respect to the marker, a stool sample is collected and the amounts of fat and of marker in the sample are measured. A ratio of fat to marker is thus obtained and from this figure the amount of fat equivalent to a day's intake of the marker is derived. This represents the corrected 24-hour fat excretion. Previous workers have described the detailed theory of this method (Stanley and Cheng, 1957) and the criteria for such a marker (Whitby and Lang, 1960). These criteria are that the marker should be uniformly dispersed in the faeces, that it should be readily estimated quantitativelyin the faeces, that it should befullyrecoverable from the faeces, and that it should not be toxic. We have used cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN) as a continuous marker. Its advantages over other markers, the methods of its preparation and estimation in faeces, and experiments demonstrating full recovery of the copper from the faeces have been described in a previous paper (Dick, 1969). PRELIMINARY STUDIES PERIOD REQUIRED TO ESTABLISH A STEADY STATE FORCuSCN Faecal fat excretion was measured in 37 patients in a geriatric unit. In order to measure the bowel transit times in these patients, a single carmine marker was given at the start of the course of CuSCN. The time taken for transit by the carmine was assumed to approximate to that for CuSCN. That this is a valid assumption is shown by the results obtained. The carmine transit time varied between two and five days (mean three days). In...

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“…One aliquot was analysed for copper (Dick, 1969). A further aliquot was oxidised (Packard oxidiser) and the 14CO2 trapped in counting vials containing Carbosorb (Packard).…”

Section: Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraisal of the 14C-glycocholate acid test with special reference to the measurement of faecal 14C excretion

Scarpello¹,

Sladen²

1977

Gut

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SUMMARY The 14C-glycocholate test, including the measurement of marker corrected faecal 14C, has been assessed in the following groups of subjects: normal controls (18), patients with diarrhoea not attributable to altered bile acid metabolism (21), patients with diverticula of the small intestine (12), patients with previous resection of ileum and often proximal colon (34), and established ileostomists (10). Patients with diverticular disease had increased breath 14CO2 excretion, but normal faecal excretion of 14C, and this test was more frequently abnormal than the Schilling test. Ileostomists excreted increased amounts of faecal 14C, even when the ileum was intact and apparently normal. The pattern after resection was complex. Breath 14C output was normal if the ileal resection was less than 25 cm in length, although some of these patients had increased faecal 14 C excretion if, in addition, at least 15 cm of proximal colon had been resected or by-passed. Longer ileal resections were associated with increased breath and/or faecal 14C excretion, depending in part on the length of colon resected or by-passed and the 24 hour faecal volume. Fewer than half these patients had both increased breath and faecal excretion of isotope and faecal 14C alone was occasionally normal with an ileal resection of 50 cm or more. The 14C-glycocholate test was more frequently abnormal than the Schilling test in this group. The use of faecal marker correction had only a minor impact on the results. These data suggest that, in patients with ileal resection, faecal 14C, like faecal weight, is determined by the extent of colonic resection as well as by the amount of ileum resected.

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Use of cuprous thiocyanate as a short-term continuous marker for faeces.

Cited by 35 publications

References 7 publications

Plasma Levels and Therapeutic Effect of 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol in Epileptic Patients taking Anticonvulsant Drugs

Plasma Levels and Therapeutic Effect of 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol in Epileptic Patients taking Anticonvulsant Drugs

Estimation of faecal fat excretion using cuprous thiocyanate as a continuous marker

Appraisal of the 14C-glycocholate acid test with special reference to the measurement of faecal 14C excretion

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