Use of Cytokine Therapy in Primary Immunodeficiency

Abstract

Of the six cytokine therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, five of them have been used in patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID). In some applications, clear benefits have been demonstrated, while in others, effects have been more marginal. The most compelling current applications of cytokine therapy in PID are those of granulocyte colony stimulating factor in severe congenital neutropenia and interferon gamma in chronic granulomatous disease. Despite encouraging results with interleukin-2 in common variable immunodeficiency and select other indications, its use in PID is not widespread.

NK cell effector functions in a Chédiak-Higashi patient undergoing cord blood transplantation: Effects of in vitro treatment with IL-2

“…For all these reasons, it is plausible to hypothesize a new scenario with the clinical adoption of IL-2 in the treatment of CHS patients, in order to improve immune responses and more rapidly obtain a successful transplant. Of note, this is a treatment already envisaged in other primary immunodeficiencies, including SCID, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, NEMO, CVID and Ataxia Telangiectasia [12,37].…”

MicroRNAs in oral lichen planus and potential miRNA–mRNA pathogenesis with essential cytokines: a review

“…Six cytokine therapies, i.e., granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IFN-r, have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. 121 These therapies have been used to treat HIV infection, cancer, and some dermatological and immune-related diseases. [121][122][123][124][125] Furthermore, various cytokine therapies are currently being examined in clinical trials.…”

“…121 These therapies have been used to treat HIV infection, cancer, and some dermatological and immune-related diseases. [121][122][123][124][125] Furthermore, various cytokine therapies are currently being examined in clinical trials. TNF-targeted therapy has been tested in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV).…”

Daedalus: a robust, turnkey platform for rapid production of decigram quantities of active recombinant proteins in human cell lines using novel lentiviral vectors

“…Recombinant cytokines have become widely used in the treatment of cancer (37), primary immunodeficiency diseases (38), anemia and in conditioning patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTs) (39). However, recombinant cytokine therapeutics generally display limited plasma half-lives due to their innate instability and rapid in vivo clearance, at least partially accounted for by a lack of glycosylation, which can be overcome by expression with native glycans, improving efficacy and stability (40,41).…”