Use of Different Natural Products to Control Growth of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Green Solvent Emulsion, Characterization, and Their Photocatalytic Application

Abstract

Water, one of the crucial and the pillar resources to every living thing, could be polluted day to day by different causes such as expansion in industrialization, rapid increment in population size, the threat of climate, and growth of urbanization. The existence of a number of organic dyes, detergents, and pesticides from industrial effluents could lead to severe diseases and even to the death of human beings. Currently, remediation of those hazardous organic contaminants using semiconductor metal oxide catalysts has received extensive attention in recent years. Among the numerous nanometal oxides, titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have been well known as a significant photocatalytic material due to their suitable physiochemical behaviors such as stability, conductivity, high surface area to volume ratio, structure, and porosity nature at the nanoscale level. TiO2 semiconductor nanoparticles could be synthesized via several physiochemical approaches; among those, the biogenic technique is the most selective one which involves the synthesis of NPs using different templates. Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles is an environmentally friendly protocol that involves the use of different parts and types of biogenic sources such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, virus, and green plants or the byproducts of their metabolism, which act as both reducing and stabilizing agents. TiO2 NPs obtained via the biogenic method provide a potential application for the degradation of organic dyes and other pollutants in wastewater. This method of synthesis of NPs has been given a great attention by researchers due to their nontoxicity, low cost, environmental friendliness, the usage of green solvents, and simplicity of the process. This review focuses on summarizing the synthesis of TiO2 NPs using various biogenic sources, characterization, and their photocatalytic applications for the degradation of different wastes and organic dyes from polluted water.

Bioinorganic Nanoparticles for the Remediation of Environmental Pollution: Critical Appraisal and Potential Avenues

“…It demonstrates that particles were tightly scattered over a small dispersion range [140]. Nanoparticles with a smooth surface morphology were used [137]. Cerium oxide Antioxidant, low reduction potential [129] the properties of the nanomaterials that are being formed and learn further about them.…”

“…Roopa et al [ 136 ] reported on similar research as well. As per Vijayalakshmi and Rajendran, the spectra exhibit a spectral range of 200–1200 nm, with a peak at 354 nm wavelength and intensity of 0.86, indicating considerable UV absorbance [ 137 ].…”

“…It demonstrates that particles were tightly scattered over a small dispersion range [ 140 ]. Nanoparticles with a smooth surface morphology were used [ 137 ].…”

Genetic effects of chemically and biosynthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo of female rats and their fetuses

“…The top-down approach starts with size reduction from the bulk material to the nanosized with physical methods such as ball milling and laser ablation ( 6 ), while the bottom-up approach needs a reducing agent to decrease the size of the particle. Chemical (for example, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide) and biological [biomolecules from bacteria ( 6 ), fungi ( 7 ), yeast ( 8 ), virus ( 9 ), and plant extracts ( 10 )] reducing agents can work perfectly for controlling the size of metals and metal oxides. Biomolecules are preferred due to their safety and biocompatibility with DNA, proteins, enzymes, polyphenols, flavonoids, and sugars ( 11 ).…”

Electrochemical Activity of TiO2 Nanoparticles in NaOH Electrolyte via Green Synthesis Using Calotropis gigantea Plant Leaf Extract

“…Quite a few reports are available on the green synthesis of TiO 2 nanoparticles using various plant extracts like Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Solanum trilobatum, Annona squamosa, Catharanthus roseus, Jatropha curcas, Cucurbita pepo, Eclipta prostrata, C. gigantea, and Ocimum basilicum (Ocimum tenuiflorum) (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28) . C. gigantea is a well-known medicinal plant belongs to the Asclepiadaceous family, this plant is widely used as a scent through which it netted its title Queen (basileus) of aromatic herbs (29) .…”