Use of digital displays and ocular surface alterations: A review

Talens‐Estarelles, Cristian; García‐Marqués, José Vicente; Cerviño, Alejandro

doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2020.10.001

Cited by 66 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…A reduced blink rate and a reduced blink amplitude have both been reported during computer use [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Given that appropriate blinking is crucial for maintaining ocular surface integrity and tear film stability [11], it is not surprising that digital display use has been listed as a consistent risk factor for dry eye disease (DED) [12,13]. When it comes to handheld devices, however, research is still limited, and results are conflicting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blinking kinematics characterization during digital displays use

Talens‐Estarelles

Esteve-Taboada

Sanchis-Jurado

et al. 2021

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Purpose This study aimed to assess the differences in blinking kinematics while reading on different digital displays and a control condition. Methods Thirty-two young healthy individuals were included in this prospective clinical study. The blinks of subjects were recorded for 150 s while reading on a laptop computer, tablet, e-reader, and smartphone and a control condition. Blinks were recorded using an eye-tracking device and were analyzed by means of image analysis to obtain a non-invasive detailed description of the blink movement. Results Blink rate decreased when reading on all displays compared to the control (p < 0.0005), although no differences were obtained amongst displays (p > 0.05). The percentage of incomplete blinks was higher with the computer compared to the control (p = 0.043), and lower with the smartphone compared to the rest of the conditions (p ≤ 0.015). Blink amplitude was smaller when reading from handheld devices compared to the control (p < 0.0005) and the computer (p ≤ 0.048). Closing and opening blink durations remained unvaried amongst conditions (p > 0.05), while opening and closing speeds were greater for the control and the computer compared to the handheld displays (p < 0.0005). Finally, contact and total blink durations were shorter during computer reading compared to the control (p = 0.004 and p = 0.017, respectively). Conclusion Blinking kinematics vary considerably amongst displays and with respect to baseline, with these differences being probably attributed to differences in the way the displays are set up and the cognitive demand of the task.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blinking kinematics characterization during digital displays use

Talens‐Estarelles

Esteve-Taboada

Sanchis-Jurado

et al. 2021

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…1,2 Its etiologies included unstable tear film, tear hyperosmolarity, inflammation and injury on the ocular surface, and neurosensory abnormalities. 3 Among all the pathological progresses of DED, a key progress was the tear hyperosmolarity, which was both a clinical manifestation as well as an indicator of the subsequent ocular inflammation. Detecting the potential interventions of tear hyperosmolarity would help in both understanding of the pathological mechanism as well as advanced therapy of DED.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Alleviates Hyperosmolarity-Induced IL-17a Secretion and Macrophage Activation in Corneal Epithelial Cells/Macrophage Co-Culture System

Yu¹,

Pu²,

Dai³

et al. 2021

JIR

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Background Hyperosmosis stress (HS) was a key pathological factor in the development of dry eye disease (DED). Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) demonstrated protective effects in the corneal damage, however, its role in the HS-induced DED remained unclear. Methods A NaCl based HS in-vitro model (500 mOsm) was generated and used in a co-culture system including corneal epithelial cells (CEC) and macrophage cell line RAW264.7. The effect of NMN on NAD+ metabolism and the expression of HS biomarker, tonicity-responsive element binding protein (TonEBP), was studied in the CEC. The cellular activity, including cell viability, apoptosis status and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release through trypan blue staining, flow cytometry and LDH assay, respectively. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay would be conducted using the JC1 kit. The expression of IL-17a were detected using RT-PCR, ELISA and Western blot. After co-culture with the CEC in different group for 24 h, the phagocytosis ability and macrophage polarization were assessed in RAW264.7 cells co-cultured with CEC with or without HS or NMN treatment. Besides, the involvement of Notch pathway in the RAW264.7 would be analyzed. The potential involvement of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and IL-17a in the crosstalk between CEC and macrophage was studied with SIRT1 inhibitor EX 527 and anti-IL-17a monoclonal antibody, respectively. Results NMN treatment increased NAD+ concentration and thus improved cell viability, reduced apoptotic rate and decreased the LDH release in HS-treated CEC. Besides, NMN alleviated HS-induced MMP, intracellular ROS and LDH release. Besides, it was confirmed NMN improve SIRT1 function and decreased the HS related IL-17a expression in CEC and then alleviated macrophage phagocytosis ability and M1 polarization based on a CEC-macrophage co-culture system. Moreover, NMN treatment of CEC in the CEC could moderate the subsequent macrophage activation through Notch pathway. SIRT1 activation and IL-17a inhibition was regarded as key progress in the function of NMN based on the application of EX 527 and anti-IL-17a antibody in the CEC-macrophage co-culture system. Conclusion The findings demonstrated that NMN could alleviated HS-induced DED status through regulating the CEC/macrophage interaction. Our data pointed to the role of SIRT1, IL-17a and Notch pathway in the function of NMN and then provided updated knowledge of potential NMN application in the management of DED.

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“…In addition, the patients' OSDI score decreased but was higher than normal, indicating that the patients' symptoms had not disappeared completely, and long-term efficacy of astaxanthin is yet to be observed. Incomplete blinks are usually associated with long-term use of video terminals or other factors that impede eyelid closure ( 51 , 52 ). Incomplete blink proportion had no significant change before and after treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits and Safety of Astaxanthin in the Treatment of Mild-To-Moderate Dry Eye Disease

Tian

Wen

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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Objectives: To evaluate the effect of astaxanthin in the treatment of mild-to-moderate dry eye disease (DED) in middle-aged and elderly patients.Methods: 120 eyes of 60 middle-aged and elderly patients with mild-to-moderate DED were enrolled in this prospective, one-group, quasi-experimental study. Six milligram Astaxanthin tablets (Weihong Haematococcus Pluvialis Astaxanthin, Hangzhou Xinwei Low Carbon Technology R&D Co., Ltd., China) were administered orally, twice daily for 30 ± 2 days. History of eye diseases, treatment, systemic disease, and medication before the test were recorded. In addition, the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), fluorescein break-up time (FBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score, eyelid margin signs, meibomian gland (MG) expressibility, meibum quality, meibomian gland dropout (MGDR), Schirmer I test (SIt), tear meniscus height (TMH), bulbar conjunctiva congestion degree, blink frequency, incomplete blink rate, and thickness of tear film lipid layer were collected before treatment, 2 weeks after the initiation of treatment, and at the end of treatment. Visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior segment, fundus, discomfort symptoms and other adverse reactions were also monitored throughout the study to assess the safety.Results: OSDI score, NIBUT, BUT, CFS score, eyelid margin signs, MG expressibility, meibum quality, and blink frequency improved significantly to varying degrees after treatment compared with those before the treatment (P < 0.05), while TMH, SIt, conjunctival congestion, the thickness of tear film lipid layer, MGDR, incomplete blink rate, VA and IOP did not differ (P > 0.05).Conclusions: Oral administration of astaxanthin improves the symptoms and signs of middle-aged and elderly patients with mild-to-moderate DED.

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Use of digital displays and ocular surface alterations: A review

Cited by 66 publications

References 130 publications

Blinking kinematics characterization during digital displays use

Blinking kinematics characterization during digital displays use

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Alleviates Hyperosmolarity-Induced IL-17a Secretion and Macrophage Activation in Corneal Epithelial Cells/Macrophage Co-Culture System

Benefits and Safety of Astaxanthin in the Treatment of Mild-To-Moderate Dry Eye Disease

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