Use of Dithiothreitol Assay to Evaluate the Oxidative Potential of Atmospheric Aerosols

Jiang, Huanhuan; Ahmed, C. M. Sabbir; Canchola, Alexa; Chen, Jin Y.; Lin, Ying-Hsuan

doi:10.3390/atmos10100571

Cited by 78 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 147 publications

(242 reference statements)

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“…The reviewed studies confirmed the general finding that the various OP assays display different sensitivity towards the same redox-active PM components, because they capture the redox reactions of different species [4,6,8,10,[12][13][14][15]37,46]. Overall, DTT mainly responded to the organic compounds, as traced by OC, EC, that represent burning sources, including fuel vehicular and biomass burning emissions-and redox active species such as quinones, associated with other markers of photochemical aging (SO 4 2− , NO 3 − ).…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Different Acellular Assayssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The paper summarized in this study describe contrasting results on the relationship between OP responses from the various assays, as reported in other literature references [4,6,8,[10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Correlation Between Op Responses From Different Acellular Asmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…In addition, OP DTT responses are also affected by traffic-related metals. In contrast, OP AA and OP GSH were mostly responsive to metals, mainly related to non-exhaust traffic emissions (Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, Ni, Mn, Sn, Cd, Pb) [12,18,[25][26][27][28][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Different Acellular Assaysmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Most of the reviewed studies performed the characterization of the chemical composition of the PM samples and investigated the association of OP responses with PM components (Table 1). In general, the papers concern volume-based OP, as mostly relevant metric for epidemiologic studies, since it reflects the actual exposure to redox-active PM upon inhalation, being a combination of the intrinsic PM oxidative potential with the total PM concentration [6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Therefore, in the following OP indicates volume-based OP, OP V , when not specified.…”

Section: Association Of Oxidative Potential With Pm Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OP measures the capacity of inhaled PM to induce a redox imbalance generated by the interaction of redox-active species present in PM with physiological species undergoing Fenton reactions and redox cycling [6,[8][9][10][11]. A range of acellular assays have been developed for measuring OP, having the advantages of low price, speed, practicality, and high data throughput, when compared to cellular assays [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Among them, the most commonly used are based on dithiothreitol as a proxy of cellular reductants (DTT assay, OP DTT ), or endogen antioxidant species, such as ascorbic acid (AA assay, OP AA ) and glutathione (GSH assay,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

2019

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This work is an overview of the oxidative potential (OP) values up to date measured in Italy, with the aim to provide a picture of the spatial and seasonal variability of OP in the various geographical areas across Italy. The summarized works used the common acellular assays-based dithiothreitol (OP DTT ), ascorbic acid (OP AA ), glutathione (OP GSH ), and 2 ,7 -dichlorodfluorescein (OP DCFH ) assays. The paper describes the association of OP responses with PM chemical composition, the sensitivity of various acellular OP assays to PM components and emission sources, and PM size distribution of the measured OP values. Our synthesis indicates that crustal and transition metals (e.g., Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn, and V), secondary ions and carbonaceous components (elemental carbon, EC, organic carbon, OC and water soluble carbon, WSOC) show significant correlations with OP across different urban and rural areas and size ranges. These chemical species are mainly associated with various PM sources, including residual/fuel oil combustion, traffic emissions, and secondary organic aerosol formation. Although the OP assays are sensitive to the same redox-active species, they differ in the association with PM chemical components. The DDT assay is mainly sensitive to the organic compounds that are mostly accumulated in the fine PM fraction, i.e., tracers of burning sources, and redox active organics associated with other markers of photochemical aging. In contrast, OP AA and OP GSH were mostly responsive to metals, mainly those related to non-exhaust traffic emissions (Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, Ni, Mn, Sn, Cd, Pb), that are mainly accumulated in the coarse PM. Among the investigated sites, our synthesis shows larger OP values in Trentino region and the Po Valley, that may be explained by the high density of anthropogenic sources, and the orographic and meteorological characteristics, that favor the pollutants accumulation and aerosol photo-oxidative aging. ). The acellular version of the 2 ,7 -dichlorodfluorescein (DCFH) assay uses the enzymatic production of the fluorescent probe largely used for the evaluation of oxidative stress in living cells.The present work summarizes the PM oxidative properties up to date measured in Italy using OP acellular assays, with the aim of giving a general insight of PM OP across the Italian territory, that has not been reported yet, in spite of the increasing number of OP measurements carried out in Europe [6,[19][20][21][22]. In addition, the study reviews the association described in previous studies between OP from different assays with several inorganic ad organic components, that effect PM oxidative properties, i.e., metals, ions, and carbonaceous components. The aim is to give a picture of the spatial and seasonal variability of different contributions to OP in the various geographical areas across Italy. The relevance of such an investigation is based on the large variability in the chemical composition of different PM size fractions in various locations across Italy, as a consequence of the stron...

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Section: Sensitivity Of Different Acellular Assayssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Correlation Between Op Responses From Different Acellular Asmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Sensitivity Of Different Acellular Assaysmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Association Of Oxidative Potential With Pm Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

2019

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Convolutional neural network prediction of molecular properties for aerosol chemistry and health effects

et al. 2022

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Quinones are chemical compounds commonly found in air particulate matter (PM).Their redox activity can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and contribute to the oxidative potential (OP) of PM leading to adverse health effects of aerosols. The quinones' OP and ability to form ROS are linked to their reduction potential (RP, measured in volts), a metric for the tendency to lose electrons in redox reactions. Here, we use convolutional neural networks (CNN) as quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to relate the one-electron RP of quinones to their molecular structure. For CNN training and testing, a data set of more than 100,000 quinones with associated RP values derived from density functional theory calculations was encoded in simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES). The best performing CNN model achieved a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.115 V for an independent test data set and outperformed linear regression models fitted on common molecular descriptors (≥ 0.140 V RMSE). Augmentation methods were newly adapted or applied to support CNN training with smaller data sets, improving RMSE by up to approximately 37% for a data set of 321 molecules. Adjusted for solvent effects, the CNN-derived RP predictions showed good agreement with experimental data.Using the newly developed method, we identified a subset of atmospherically relevant quinones that are likely to have a high OP and play a role in aerosol health effects, which remains to be further elucidated by experimental studies. We suggest to use the presented machine learning approach in further investigations of atmospheric aerosol chemistry and health effects as well as other studies that require a target-oriented screening of the properties and effects of large classes of substances.

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Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices for simultaneous detection of oxidative potential and copper in aerosol samples

Mettakoonpitak,

Sawatdichai,

Thepnuan

et al. 2023

Microchim Acta

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Use of Dithiothreitol Assay to Evaluate the Oxidative Potential of Atmospheric Aerosols

Cited by 78 publications

References 147 publications

Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

Convolutional neural network prediction of molecular properties for aerosol chemistry and health effects

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices for simultaneous detection of oxidative potential and copper in aerosol samples

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