“…Shiffman, Pillitteri, Burton, and Di Marino (2004) did show that simulated ads describing Eclipse reduced intentions to quit among smokers, and Hughes, Keely, and Callas (2005) showed that Eclipse users were no more or less likely to have quit at 6 months follow-up compared with other smokers. More recently, several studies have evaluated the use of e-cigarettes by cigarette smokers, which indicate that smokers report using them to help quit or cut down on smoking (Adkison et al, 2013;Etter, 2010;Etter & Bullen, 2011;Pearson, Richardson, Niaura, Vallone, & Abrams, 2012;Pokhrel, Fagan, Little, Kawamoto, & Herzog, 2013;Regan, Promoff, Dube, & Arrazola, 2013;Vickerman, Carpenter, Altman, Nash, & Zbikowski, 2013). None of the unconventional tobacco products evaluated in this study have been approved as smoking cessation aids.…”