IR spectroscopy and ESR spectroscopy have been applied to study the asphaltenes from produced oil and from residual (extracted from cores) oil of the Devonian deposits of the Romashkino oil field (Tatarstan, Russia). A statistically significant differences in structure-group composition of asphaltenes both produced oils and poor-and highlytransformed residual ones are revealed. For each asphaltene group the regularities in alteration of structure-group composition are determined and the effect of natural and technological factors is estimated.