Use of etonogestrel implant beyond approved duration: prolonged contraceptive effectiveness

Ribeiro, Bárbara; Nogueira‐Silva, Cristina; Afonso, Hermínia Gomes; Silva, Pedro O; Reis, Isabel

doi:10.1080/13625187.2018.1501799

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The 3-year contraceptive effectiveness in our study was similar to that found in human studies. Since in women, several studies have demonstrated the prolonged effectiveness of ENG implants for up to 5 years, we also explored the prolonged effectiveness in macaques (9,(34)(35)(36). Our results showed an effective prolonged in-treatment range of 1,134-1805 days (3.1-5.0 years) in 14 rhesus macaques and an in-treatment range of 1,154-1,441 days (3.2-4.0 years) in eight cynomolgus macaques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-acting reversible contraception with etonogestrel implants in female macaques (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis)

Maaskant,

Scarsi,

Meijer

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionContraception is often required for management and population control purposes in group-housed and free-roaming non-human primates. Long-acting reversible contraceptives, including subdermal progestin-releasing implants, are preferred as they eliminate challenges associated with frequent administration. Etonogestrel (ENG)-releasing subdermal implants are reversible and long-acting for a minimum of 3 years, and are commercially available for human use as Implanon® or Nexplanon®.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed detailing the contraceptive effectiveness and reversibility of subdermal placement of one-fourth or one-third of an ENG implant (68 mg/implant) in 129 female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and 67 cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) at the Biomedical Primate Research Centre (Rijswijk, Netherlands). Furthermore, single cross-sectional ENG serum concentrations were measured for 16 rhesus and 10 cynomolgus macaques, and hemoglobin and blood chemistry pre-ENG and at timepoints >0.5, >1.5, and > 2.5 years post-ENG insertion were evaluated for 24 rhesus macaques. Finally, data were obtained using trans-abdominal ultrasound regarding the influence of ENG on uterine volume and endometrial thickness in 14 rhesus and 11 cynomolgus macaques.ResultsAs a contraceptive ENG was in 99.80% (CI 93.50–99.99) and 99.95% (CI 99.95–100) effective in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, respectively. Prolonged ENG durations of implant use in 14 rhesus macaques (range 3.1–5.0 years) and eight cynomolgus macaques (range 3.2–4.0 years) resulted in no unintended pregnancies. A total of 17 female macaques were allowed to breed after ENG removal, and among them, 14 female macaques (82%) had an uneventful delivery. Serum ENG concentrations with a median ENG duration of 1.2 years (range 0.1–6.0 years) and 1.9 years (range 0.6–4.7 years) resulted in median concentrations of 112 pg./mL (range 0–305 pg./mL) and 310 pg./mL (range 183–382 pg./mL) for rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, respectively. ENG had no clinical effect on hemoglobin and blood chemistry parameters nor on the thickness of the endometrial lining or uterus volume.ConclusionThis study indicates that both one-fourth and one-third of the ENG implants are effective, long-acting, reversible, and safe contraceptive to use in macaques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-acting reversible contraception with etonogestrel implants in female macaques (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis)

Maaskant,

Scarsi,

Meijer

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…The main advantages of the vaginal route include avoidance of the hepatic-first pass metabolic effect, the possibility of using lower therapeutic doses and the reduced systemic side effects compared to oral administration (22). Another route of progestins delivery is the subdermal implant (etonogestrel) which offers contraceptive benefits for at least three years (23). Progestogens/ progestins have very little impact on the coagulation system and epidemiological studies have shown that there is no significant risk for thromboembolic venous or arterial disease.…”

Section: Hormonal Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Therapy in Women of Reproductive Age with Endometriosis: an Update

Gheorghisan-Galateanu

Gheorghiu

2019

Acta Endo (Buc)

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Etonogestrel

2018

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Use of etonogestrel implant beyond approved duration: prolonged contraceptive effectiveness

Abstract: This case report suggests that the etonogestrel implant is effective for even longer than the most recent studies have shown.

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Long-acting reversible contraception with etonogestrel implants in female macaques (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis)

Long-acting reversible contraception with etonogestrel implants in female macaques (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis)

Hormonal Therapy in Women of Reproductive Age with Endometriosis: an Update

Etonogestrel

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