Use of external heavy atom effect to increase sensitivity of measurement in phosphorimetry

Selective heavy-atom perturbation for analysis of complex mixtures by room-temperature phosphorimetry

“…The heavy-atom effect is an invaluable aid to phosphorimetric analysis since it is able to enhance the triplet emission of weakly phosphorescent compounds. In the past, this effect has been applied to conventional low-temperature phosphorescence (15,16) and to RTP analyses (4,5,7,11,17,18) of individual compounds. In this study the usefulness of the external heavy-atom effect is extended to improve both sensitivity and selectivity of the phosphorescence analysis of complex mixtures.…”

Influence of solvent matrix upon phosphorescence signals

“…Perturbation of molecular excited states by introducing a heavy atom into the system has been well-studied (15). The use of the external heavy atom effect to increase the transition probability from the first excited singlet to the first excited triplet state, which increases the sensitivity of phosphorescence has also been reported (16,17). In the past, results obtained using the external heavy atom effect have been of limited analytical value because of the following restrictions.…”

Development of luminescence spectrometry as an analytical tool

“…Important advances were also made in instrumentation in methodology. The use of the external heavy atom effect to increase measurement sensitivity was investigated by Hood and Winefordner (120). Large enhancements were noted for benzofluorenes, while most other compounds studied were either decreased or increased slightly in intensity.…”