Use of Extremely High Time-Resolution Production Data To Characterize
Hydraulic Fracture Properties

Crafton, Jim; Gunderson, Daniel

doi:10.2523/103591-ms

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

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Evaluating fractures in rocks from geothermal reservoirs using resistivity at different frequencies

Pan

Horne

2015

Energy

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One of the key issues to a successful EGS (Enhanced or engineered Geothermal System) is the creation of a great density of fractures. The detection and characterization of the created fractures is crucial in evaluating the geothermal energy resources in such EGS projects as well as in reservoirs for CO 2 sequestration and storage. Methods to evaluate the fractures after stimulations are few, and limited in application. To this end, an approach to detecting and evaluating the fractures using resistivity data measured at different frequencies was developed in this study. The effects of fractures on resistivity measurements at different frequencies have been investigated as a function of water saturation in rocks with different porosity, permeability and lithology. Different rocks (Berea sandstone, and greywacke from The Geysers geothermal reservoir) were used in this study. The permeability of the samples ranged from 0.5 to over 1000 md for the matrix. The frequency ranged from 100 to 100,000 Hz. It was found that the effect of frequency on resistivity is different in rocks with and without fractures, especially in the range of low water saturation. The validity of the Archie equation depends on the existence of fractures, the frequency, and the range of water saturation. The relationship between resistivity and water saturation did not follow the Archie equation at low water saturation in some rocks with fractures. Models for characterizing different types of rocks with specific fracture patterns have been established using the resistivity data measured at different frequencies and different water saturations.

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Evaluating fractures in rocks from geothermal reservoirs using resistivity at different frequencies

Pan

Horne

2015

Energy

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New Advancements in Flowback Analysis for Rapid Diagnostics and Integrated Hydraulic Fracture Optimization

Williams-Kovacs,

Deryushkin,

Hepburn

et al. 2024

Day 2 Wed, February 07, 2024

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There is a large technological gap between the end of the frac and until operators accumulate long term production data to perform a meaningful lookback. Over the last 10 years flowback analysis (FBA) has emerged as a successful technology to address this problem by utilizing only commonly gathered production test data. FBA provides operators with a low-cost technology to perform rapid diagnostics and rapid lookbacks within days of opening the well to flow. In this paper, several case studies from prolific North America tight and shale plays will be presented to demonstrate the immense value of FBA for rapid diagnostics and rapid lookbacks. The presented case studies will focus on the interpretation of FBA results to identify hydraulic fracture optimization opportunities and improve future well performance. A new set of physics-based correlations are also demonstrated, which link effective stress (from DFIT), fracture area/stimulated volume (from FBA) and long-term pressure-normalized productivity, to extend the application of FBA to a large-scale field development. It allows operators to use extensive horizontal well base to predict and select optimal completion design ahead of pumping and to high grade the land base for full field development, forecasting and budget planning purposes. FBA is closing a significant technological gap in diagnostics methods from the time well has been completed to the time until we gather enough long-term production data to perform lookback or design evaluation. By integrating FBA diagnostics into hydraulic fracture optimization workflows, operators can promptly evaluate the efficacy of their fracture treatments and identify wells that are likely to underperform long-term within days of finishing pumping, enabling them to apply these insights to subsequent wells or pads. FBA provides results 6-12 months faster than other low-cost diagnostics (i.e. rate-transient analysis on long-term production data). By incorporating FBA into hydraulic optimization workflows, operators can quickly identify numerous commonly observed detrimental effects including small or unexpected fracture geometry, fracture skin damage, insufficient or degrading conductivity, and poor cluster efficiency. Through rapid diagnostics, operators are able to quickly identify optimization opportunities and drive their learning curve ahead of their capital spending.

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Use of Extremely High Time-Resolution Production Data To Characterize Hydraulic Fracture Properties

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluating fractures in rocks from geothermal reservoirs using resistivity at different frequencies

Evaluating fractures in rocks from geothermal reservoirs using resistivity at different frequencies

New Advancements in Flowback Analysis for Rapid Diagnostics and Integrated Hydraulic Fracture Optimization

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