Use of fermented spent coffee grounds as a substrate supplement for rearing black soldier fly larvae, <i>Hermetia illucens</i> (L), (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Khaekratoke, Kanyanat; Laksanawimol, Parichart; Thancharoen, Anchana

doi:10.7717/peerj.14340

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Likewise, the presence of toxic phenolic compounds in SCG could impact the larval growth ( Permana & Ramadhani Eka Putra, 2018 ; Sideris et al, 2021 ). However, fermented SCG, derived from cofermentation with pineapples at levels of less than 60% (w/w) in the substrate mixture gave larger BSFL ( Khaekratoke, Laksanawimol & Thancharoen, 2022 ). Although the SCG used in this study underwent self-fermentation, the BSFL exhibited similar trends.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The flies were provided with a 30% (w/v) brown sugar solution, which was sprayed onto the mesh chamber three times a day to serve as a food source. Oviposition devices, consisting of a tray filled with an attractant substrate made from a mixture of wheat bran, fruits, and vegetables ( Khaekratoke, Laksanawimol & Thancharoen, 2022 ; Laksanawimol, Singsa & Thancharoen, 2023 ), were placed within the chamber. Wooden sheet pieces were also provided as oviposition substrates placed above the tray of attractant materials.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the experiment, six different dry materials, namely rice husk (RH), rice bran (RB), rice husk ash (RHA), coconut coir dust (CC), rubberwood sawdust (RSD), and spent coffee grounds (SCG), were evaluated. Prior to use, the SCG was allowed to self-ferment for one to two weeks (modified from ( Khaekratoke, Laksanawimol & Thancharoen, 2022 )). The standard diet or control group (CON) was comprised of minced organically grown mixed vegetables, comprised of cabbage, romaine lettuce, tomato, and lettuce and then mixed with 10% (w/w) cornmeal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of different dry materials to control the moisture in a black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) rearing substrate

Laksanawimol,

Anukun,

Thancharoen

2024

PeerJ

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Background Controlling the substrate moisture is a significant challenge in black soldier fly (BSF) farming. Many substrates have a high moisture content, which results in a low BSF biomass and a high mortality. One potential solution involves incorporating dry substrates into the food mix to mitigate the excessive moisture. However, little information about the types and quantities of dry substrates is available. Methods Six different dry materials–rice husk (RH), rice bran (RB), rice husk ash (RHA), coconut coir dust (CC), rubberwood sawdust (RSD), and spent coffee grounds (SCGs)–were evaluated by combining with pure minced mixed vegetables in varying proportions (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, and 50% by weight). This study encompassed both small-scale and medium-scale experiments to comprehensively assess the effects of the addition of each of these different dry substrates and their quantities on aspects of the development of BSF, such as BSF biomass, larval duration, mortality rates, adult sex ratio, and the moisture removal efficiency of each substrate mixture. Results Each dry substrate had specific properties. Although RB emerged as a favorable dry substrate owing to its nutritional content and substantial water-holding capacity, excessive use of RB (>15% by weight) resulted in elevated temperatures and subsequent desiccation of the substrate, potentially leading to larval mortality. In contrast, RH demonstrated the ability to support improved larval duration and growth, permitting its utilization in higher proportions (up to 50%). On the other hand, CC, RHA, and SCG are better suited for inclusion in BSF larval substrates in smaller quantities. Discussion Some dry substrates require a pretreatment process to eliminate toxic substances prior to their incorporation into substrate mixtures, such as CC and SCG. A potential alternative solution involves employing a combination of various dry substrates. This approach aims to enhance the substrate moisture control and subsequently improve the BSF rearing performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of different dry materials to control the moisture in a black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) rearing substrate

Laksanawimol,

Anukun,

Thancharoen

2024

PeerJ

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“…As previously mentioned, most of the innovations in the BSF feed are the enrichment of SCG or other coffee parts with algae or their combination with various wastes. However, there is only one research study about the fermented SCG for BSF feed, as reported by Kharkratoke et al [62]. They used fermented SCG in various proportions (0-100%) mixed with fruit and vegetable pulp residue for BSF feed.…”

Section: Cultivation Of Bsf Larvae Using Scg And/or Coffee Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae for the Valorization of Spent Coffee Ground: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Study

Hutabarat,

Mangindaan

2024

Agriculture

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The global surge in coffee consumption has led to the generation of significant amounts of spent coffee grounds (SCG), a by-product of the brewing process. If it is left unprocessed in the landfill, it will generate methane, one of the greenhouse gases, and therefore accelerate global warming. The intersection of SCG and its potential as a substrate for black soldier fly (BSF) larvae cultivation as one of the pathways for processing SCG becomes intriguing as we seek sustainable waste management solutions. The combination of both nutrition and toxic alkaloids (caffeine) makes SCG and/or other coffee parts intriguing for recycling (or upcycling) via BSF cultivation to generate insect protein. Due to its remarkable capacity to bioconvert organic waste into high-value proteins and fats, the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, has garnered attention in waste management and animal feed production. This comprehensive review sheds light on the recent development of using SCG as a substrate for BSF larvae.

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“…For example, Nguyen et al ( 16 , 17 ) divided the number of replicates between manipulated and non-manipulated larvae. Khaekratoke et al ( 18 ) increased the number of replicates to reduce the effects of manipulation. Miranda et al, ( 19 ) established a minimum number of larvae sampled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of larval handling on black soldier fly life history traits and bioconversion efficiency

Loiotine,

Gasco,

Biasato

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionThe black soldier fly is considered the most promising insect species for mass production; however, information on the effects of handling, which is unavoidable during experimental trials and rearing practices, is still limited.Materials and methodsTo address this gap, three different manipulation intensities were tested on 100 6-day-old larvae per replica (6 replicates/treatments) fed on Gainesville diet: (1) hard-handled (HH), larvae underwent continuous manipulation until the end of larval stage, (2) soft-handled (SH), larvae were manipulated after the appearance of the first prepupa, (3) no-handled (NH), larvae remained untouched. Every 4 days from the beginning to the end of the larval stage, the manipulations lasted 30 min and occurred under laboratory conditions (20°C). During the sampling operations, at least 30 larvae were randomly extracted, washed, dried, and weight-mimicked. At the end of larval stage, all the boxes remained untouched until the adult fly stage, and the emergency rate and sex ratio were evaluated on dead flies. Data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS V20.0.0 software and the considered significance level was p < 0.05.ResultsThe larval stage lasted 8.2 days for both HH and SH (p > 0.05). Despite the HH larvae being the most manipulated, no difference was also observed in final weight (HH, 160 mg; SH, 150 mg; p > 0.05) and survival rate (HH, 96.2%; SH, 94.5%; p > 0.05). The manipulation did not influence the bioconversion capacity of the larvae (bioconversion efficiency corrected for the residue: HH, 14.3%; SH, 12.91%; reduction rate: HH, 58.4%; SH, 55.9%; waste reduction index: HH, 7.28%/day; SH, 7.25%/day; p > 0.05). Finally, the development time from larva to fly (about 20.7; p > 0.05), the emergency rate (NH: 92.8%; SH: 89.5%; HH: 82.7%) and sex ratio (~1.2% to male flies) were not affected by the handling (p > 0.05).DiscussionIn conclusion, the handling procedures used in the current study did not influence the life history traits of the black soldier fly. However, further studies are needed to evaluate if different experimental protocols on various scales, the colony strain or other handling procedures may suggest a different scenario or confirm the results.

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Use of fermented spent coffee grounds as a substrate supplement for rearing black soldier fly larvae, Hermetia illucens (L), (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Use of different dry materials to control the moisture in a black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) rearing substrate

Use of different dry materials to control the moisture in a black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) rearing substrate

Cultivation of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae for the Valorization of Spent Coffee Ground: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Study

Effect of larval handling on black soldier fly life history traits and bioconversion efficiency

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