Use of Fluoride-Containing Water for the Irrigation of Soil–Plant Systems

Scholz, Lisa; Kopittke, Peter M.; Menzies, Neal W.; Dalzell, Scott A.; Macfarlane, David; Wehr, Bernhard

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01001

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Groundwater in many parts of the world is enriched in F - (Edmunds and Smedley, 2013;Ali et al, 2016) and some of these waters are used for irrigation of agricultural land. Scholz et al (2015) found that experimental irrigation of plants with water containing 3 or 5 mg L -1 resulted in little root uptake but there were significant increases of foliar F due to overhead irrigation. The use of F-rich waters to irrigate agricultural land was suggested by Botha et al (1993) to be, in part, responsible for the occurrence of fluorosis in farm animals in a region of South Africa.…”

Section: Other Agricultural Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fluorine in the environment, a review of its sources and geochemistry

Fuge

2019

Applied Geochemistry

163

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While F is an essential constituent of some rock-forming minerals such as fluorite and apatite, its major occurrence in the lithosphere is within hydroxysilicate minerals where Foccupies OHlattice sites. The majority of the F occurring in the secondary environment derives from natural weathering processes with some soils derived from F-rich parent rocks containing over 1weight (wt) % F. Other natural sources of F are vulcanicity, wind-blown dust and a minor marine-derived component, with biomass burning, being in part natural, also a source. Several anthropogenic sources of environmental F have also been identified. Of the anthropogenic sources, the application of phosphate fertiliser, which probably adds over 2.3 Mt a-1 F to soils globally, represents the largest. While much of this is strongly retained in soils, some may be transferred to groundwater. In some abandoned mine sites in the UK where fluorite was associated with the mineralisation, soil F contents of up to 8 wt % have been recorded with plants growing on the sites containing up to 1wt % F. The rapid growth of urban areas in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh has resulted in an upsurge of brickmaking in Asia, with these 3 countries plus China accounting for over 75% of global brick production. As a result there is a large number of unregulated brick kilns which emit HF into the surrounding environment. Based on an annual global brick production of 1,500 billion and the F contents of brick clays, it is estimated that about 1.8 Mt a-1 F are released to the environment from brick manufacture. This suggests that brickmaking is the largest source of atmospheric F emissions dwarfing that of coal combustion, 0.2-0.3 Mt a-1 , phosphate fertiliser production, 0.07-0.10 Mt a-1 , aluminium smelting, 0.041 Mt a-1 , and even vulcanicity, 0.3-0.7 Mt a-1. However, it is apparent that atmospheric F emissions are not transported globally and as such their effects are manifested only in the local environment. Emissions from industry sited close to urban centres can impact these environments together with domestic coal combustion and the release of F from high octane fuels in motor vehicles. A more recent source of F in the environment stems from the large number of fluorocarbon compounds in everyday use. Degradation of some of these fluorocarbon compounds together with pyrolysis of fluoropolymers and burning of household refuse has resulted in the deposition of organofluorine compounds such trifluoroacetic acid in the environment.

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Section: Other Agricultural Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fluorine in the environment, a review of its sources and geochemistry

Fuge

2019

Applied Geochemistry

163

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“…Levels of fluoride vary from 0.02 to 1.2 ppm in Canada (Boyle and Chagnon 1995). The recommended maximum fluoride level in drinking water is 0.7 ppm (World Health 2017, Safe Water 2018) and 2 ppm for agriculture and grazing (Scholz, Kopittke et al 2015). The range of fluoride in the Drayton Valley region was 0 ~ 0.15 ppm, thus met the recommended safety levels, despite fluctuations.…”

Section: Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 96%

<strong>Boom Bust Economy and Social-ecological System Relationship</strong>

Liu¹,

Ungar²,

McRuer³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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This paper reports on the changing dynamics of a small town’s social-ecological system (SES) concerning oil and gas industry boom-bust economic cycles and both the vulnerability and resilience of the town over the past 30 years. With the goal to understand how resource-based single industry impact social-ecological systems, we developed indicators of human and environmental well-being and assessed them. Seven indicators include labor force distribution, education, oil price, household income, water quality, air quality, and land cover land use. Over this period, Drayton Valley, Canada quadrupled in size, with more than 20% of the population working in the oil and gas sector. Median income rose to 42% above the national average despite the population lagging national benchmarks for educational attainment. There have also been dramatic fluctuations in levels of fluoride, phosphorus, and other chemicals in water quality samples, implying a correlation with fossil fuel extractive activities over this period. Land cover land use change analysis shows a decreased area of water bodies, wetland, and forests, and increased built capital and agricultural land. While economic boom cycles have led to cash inflows, an exclusive focus on the benefits of the oil and gas industry may leave those dependent on the industry vulnerable to social and environmental risk factors during bust cycles that are beyond their control in the everchanging global oil economy. This phenomenon which has been referred to as the “resource curse” suggests the need to anticipate cyclical (or more sustained) periods of low levels of oil and gas production. These results suggest that single boom-bust economies impact every aspect of social-ecological systems. Therefore, a sustainable development plan that comprehensively considers not only economic growth, but also diversification, environment protection, and strategic land use planning is indispensable to ensure the long-term development of communities that depend upon extractive industries.

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“…These compounds are persistent and resistant to degradation, raising concerns regarding their potential accumulation in soil and water resources [108]. Irrigation with fluorine-rich groundwater can also contribute to fluoride accumulation in plants, particularly via foliar uptake during overhead irrigation [109]. In animals, Botha et al [110] suggested that fluoride-rich irrigation water may be partly responsible for livestock fluorosis in South Africa.…”

Section: Other Agricultural Fluoride Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling Environmental Safety and Economic Feasibility: A Review of Soil Fluorine Management Strategies in the Republic of Korea

Ji,

Lee,

Bae

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Fluorine naturally occurs in soil and rocks; however, concerns arise when human activities or specific compounds increase its levels or bioavailability. South Korea faces challenges in managing soil fluorine contamination even though existing regulations based on total fluorine content are stricter than those in many developed countries. However, these regulations can be economically impractical because of Korea's naturally high background levels of fluorine in the soil. This study examined the international landscape of soil fluorine management and explored potential solutions that balance environmental protection with economic considerations. We propose a shift towards regulating specific and harmful fluorine compounds and prioritizing remediation based on bioavailability assessments. This approach can guide Korea towards a more effective and sustainable strategy for managing soil fluorine contamination.

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Use of Fluoride-Containing Water for the Irrigation of Soil–Plant Systems

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Fluorine in the environment, a review of its sources and geochemistry

Fluorine in the environment, a review of its sources and geochemistry

<strong>Boom Bust Economy and Social-ecological System Relationship</strong>

Reconciling Environmental Safety and Economic Feasibility: A Review of Soil Fluorine Management Strategies in the Republic of Korea

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