Use of genome editing technologies for genetic improvement of crops of tropical origin

Rojas-Vásquez, Randall; Gatica-Arias, Andrés

doi:10.1007/s11240-019-01707-2

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 227 publications

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“…The current outlook for non-transgenic genome edited crops is that they may avoid the heavy regulatory burden placed on transgenic “genetically modified” plants [ 342 ]. The optimization of protocols for genome editing in yam is well underway [ 343 , 344 ] and the availability of more and better yam genome assemblies is proceeding apace [ 344 , 345 , 346 , 347 ]. An understanding of the genetic regulation of desirable nutritional and pharmacological compounds can also be leveraged to increase their amounts, especially with increased variety of possible CRISPR-Cas based manipulations.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dioscorea Genus (Yam)—An Appraisal of Nutritional and Therapeutic Potentials

Obidiegwu

Lyons

Chilaka

2020

Foods

142

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The quest for a food secure and safe world has led to continuous effort toward improvements of global food and health systems. While the developed countries seem to have these systems stabilized, some parts of the world still face enormous challenges. Yam (Dioscorea species) is an orphan crop, widely distributed globally; and has contributed enormously to food security especially in sub-Saharan Africa because of its role in providing nutritional benefits and income. Additionally, yam has non-nutritional components called bioactive compounds, which offer numerous health benefits ranging from prevention to treatment of degenerative diseases. Pharmaceutical application of diosgenin and dioscorin, among other compounds isolated from yam, has shown more prospects recently. Despite the benefits embedded in yam, reports on the nutritional and therapeutic potentials of yam have been fragmented and the diversity within the genus has led to much confusion. An overview of the nutritional and health importance of yam will harness the crop to meet its potential towards combating hunger and malnutrition, while improving global health. This review makes a conscious attempt to provide an overview regarding the nutritional, bioactive compositions and therapeutic potentials of yam diversity. Insights on how to increase its utilization for a greater impact are elucidated.

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Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dioscorea Genus (Yam)—An Appraisal of Nutritional and Therapeutic Potentials

Obidiegwu

Lyons

Chilaka

2020

Foods

142

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“…Despite the challenges, there have been a significant number of reports of CRISPR/Casmediated modifications of plant traits and there are multiple reviews that outline the accomplishments in a vast array of plant species (18,83,84). CRISPR/Cas has also been shown to have potential to fast-track crop improvement especially of underutilized orphan plant species through what has been termed de novo domestication (81,85,86).…”

Section: Application Of Crispr/cas Editing For Crop Improvement -Potementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of genomes modified by the creation of indels, including some important food crops such as maize (13), potato (14), rice [14], tomato (15), and wheat (16), has grown enormously since the very first reports of the application of CRISPR-mediated editing in plants. There are many reviews that provide information related to modified plant genomes with CRISPR/Cas-mediated editing in addition to the traits of interest (17)(18)(19).…”

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confidence: 99%

Applying gene editing to tailor precise genetic modifications in plants

Eck

2020

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The ability to tailor alterations in genomes, including plant genomes, in a site-specific manner has been greatly advanced through approaches that reduced the complexity and time of genome sequencing along with development of gene editing technologies. These technologies provide a valuable foundation for studies of gene function, metabolic engineering and trait modification for crop improvement. Development of genome editing methodologies began approximately 20 years ago first with meganucleases followed by Zinc Finger Nucleases, Transcriptional Activator-Like Effector Nucleases and, most recently, Clustered Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-Associated Protein (Cas) (CRISPR/Cas), which is by far the most utilized method. The premise of CRISPR/Cas centers on the cleaving of one or both DNA strands by a Cas protein, an endonuclease, followed by mending of the DNA by repair mechanisms inherent in cells. Its user-friendly construct design, greater flexibility in targeting genomic regions, and the cost-effective attributes have resulted in it being widely adopted and revolutionizing precise modification of the genomes of many organisms. Indeed, the CRISPR/Cas system has been utilized for gene editing in many plant species including important food crops such as maize, wheat, rice, and potatoes. This review summarizes the various approaches including the most recent designs being used to make modifications from as small as a single base pair change to insertion of DNA fragments. On the gene expression level, strategies are presented that make it possible to knock-out or modulate through activation and repression. Also discussed are pre-requisites necessary for CRISPR/Cas-mediated editing as well as the current challenges.

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“…The advent of genome editing technologies (ZFN, TALEN, CRISPR/Cas9, etc.) has attracted a great deal of attention because the remove the limitations of conventional breeding methods (for more information on each technology in crops, we recommend reading the following reviews: Rojas-Vásquez and Gatica-Arias, 2019 ; Matres et al, 2021 ). These technologies are capable of creating precise mutations in targeted genes, and their use in the field of crop breeding is on the rise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Editing for Improving Crop Nutrition

Nagamine

Ezura

2022

Front. Genome Ed.

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Genome editing technologies, including CRISPR/Cas9 and TALEN, are excellent genetic modification techniques and are being proven to be powerful tools not only in the field of basic science but also in the field of crop breeding. Recently, two genome-edited crops targeted for nutritional improvement, high GABA tomatoes and high oleic acid soybeans, have been released to the market. Nutritional improvement in cultivated crops has been a major target of conventional genetic modification technologies as well as classical breeding methods. Mutations created by genome editing are considered to be almost identical to spontaneous genetic mutations because the mutation inducer, the transformed foreign gene, can be completely eliminated from the final genome-edited hosts after causing the mutation. Therefore, genome-edited crops are expected to be relatively easy to supply to the market, unlike GMO crops. On the other hand, due to their technical feature, the main goal of current genome-edited crop creation is often the total or partial disruption of genes rather than gene delivery. Therefore, to obtain the desired trait using genome editing technology, in some cases, a different approach from that of genetic recombination technology may be required. In this mini-review, we will review several nutritional traits in crops that have been considered suitable targets for genome editing, including the two examples mentioned above, and discuss how genome editing technology can be an effective breeding technology for improving nutritional traits in crops.

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Use of genome editing technologies for genetic improvement of crops of tropical origin

Cited by 19 publications

References 227 publications

The Dioscorea Genus (Yam)—An Appraisal of Nutritional and Therapeutic Potentials

The Dioscorea Genus (Yam)—An Appraisal of Nutritional and Therapeutic Potentials

Applying gene editing to tailor precise genetic modifications in plants

Genome Editing for Improving Crop Nutrition

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