Use of green roofs for greywater treatment: Role of substrate, depth, plants, and recirculation

Thomaidi, Vasiliki; Petousi, I.; Kotsia, D.; Kalogerakis, Nicolas; Fountoulakis, M.S.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151004

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Most of the articles are mainly focused on finding the viability of using various substrates in terms of substrate depth (Dunnett et al, 2008b;Schneider et al, 2014;Ondoño et al, 2016;Thomaidi et al, 2022), storm water retention (Bliss et al, 2009;Baryła et al, 2019;Wang J. et al, 2022;Yan et al, 2022) using alternative substrate materials (Razzaghmanesh et al, 2014), climatic conditions (Williams et al, 2010;Rayner et al, 2016;Koroxenidis and Theodosiou, 2021;Liberalesso et al, 2021;Varela et al, 2021) and amendments with substrates like organic matter (Emilsson, 2008;Thuring et al, 2010;Kanechi et al, 2014), pertlite (Ntoulas et al, 2013) and hydrogels (Savi et al, 2014). This review provides significant outputs related to substrate performance on vegetation by focusing on microclimatic features such as drought resistance and thermal conductivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green roof substrates—A literature review

Kader

Chadalavada²,

Jaufer³

et al. 2022

Front. Built Environ.

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Green roofs are becoming increasingly popular in urban construction due to their wide array of benefits for creating a sustainable ecosystem. Many stakeholders invest in green roofs in the 21st century to enhance the environmental quality and mitigate urban ecological pollution. The substrate layer is the most important and critical component of green roof systems. The objective of the review study is to present the important information regarding the required elements that need to be considered for substrate selection of green roofs by critically reviewing the scientifically published articles. Research findings from past studies relevant to green roofs, vegetation and selective substrate parameters were extensively discussed under different topics related to water retention, drought resistance and related physico-chemical parameters. The generalities in past research articles were presented and special focus was provided on specific research articles those presented novelty regarding green roof substrates. Furthermore, the hotspots in all the considered research articles were commentatively identified and the appropriate solutions were evaluated. The critical review of published research articles indicates that most of the research on green roof substrates was conducted in either controlled laboratories or greenhouses and did not provide much importance to actual field tests. Therefore, these research findings are not sufficient to obtain the realistic field outcomes of the research. Future studies on green roof substrates should need to incorporate field experiments along with classical controlled tests by adhering to standard guidelines for assimilating climatic influences in substrates. Few studies have focused on dry climates, and further research needs to be conducted on dry climates due to their high susceptibility to drought and evapotranspiration. This manuscript would be the first review article that mainly focuses on substrates for green roofs, which is a novel aspect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green roof substrates—A literature review

Kader

Chadalavada²,

Jaufer³

et al. 2022

Front. Built Environ.

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“…Then the water is collected and pumped through the system several more times to the point that the nutrients have been absorbed (Center 2013;WBDG 2016). Thomaidi et al (2022) conducted an experiment in Lesvos island, Greece, to assess the use of GRs as modified shallow vertical flow constructed wetlands for greywater treatment in buildings. They investigated the effects of different design parameters such as substrate material (perlite or vermiculite), substrate depth, and plant species (Geranium zonale L., Polygala myrtifolia L., or Atriplex halimus L.) on the effluent quality.…”

Section: Greywater Recycling and Green Roof Irrigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable green roofs: a comprehensive review of influential factors

Shahmohammad

Hosseinzadeh

Dvorak

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Green roofs have gained much attention as a modern roofing surface due to their potential to deliver many environmental and social benefits. Studies have indicated that different GR designs deliver different ecosystem services, and there are important factors that affect GR performance. This article reviewed significant factors that influence GR performance and sustainability. Substrate and drainage layer material choice significantly affects stormwater retention potential, leachate quality, plant survival, and determines GR environmental footprints. Subsequently, type of plants, their form, and kinds used on GRs impact GR ecosystem function. Leaf area is the most studied trait due to its influence on the cooling potential and energy performance. In order to achieve a sustainable GR, it is essential to select the type of plants that have a high survival rate. Perennial herbs, particularly forbs and grass as dominant groups, are heat and drought tolerant, which make them suitable in GR experiment. Furthermore, selecting a suitable irrigation system is as important as two other factors for having a sustainable GR. Irrigation is essential for plant survival, and due to the current pressure on valuable water sources, it is important to select a sustainable irrigation system. This review presents three sustainable irrigation methods: (i) employing alternative water sources such as rainwater, greywater, and atmospheric water; (ii) smart irrigation and monitoring; and (iii) using adaptive materials and additives that improve GR water use. This review sheds new insights on the design of high-performance, sustainable GRs and provides guidance for the legislation of sustainable GR.

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“…(Herna´ndez-Leal et al, 2011), studied the efficiency of treatment with activated carbon and ozone to evaluate the removal of selected micropollutants, based on adsorption and ozonation technique. (Thomaidi et al, 2022) used a green roof as a modified shallow vertical flow constructed wetland for greywater treatment in buildings, and they found that the operation of green roofs as modified vertical unsaturated constructed wetlands seems a sustainable nature-based solution for greywater treatment and reuse in urban areas. (Ken Ushijima et al, 2013), evaluated slanted soil system performance for light greywater reused in irrigation sector.…”

Section: Treatment Of Greywater and Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of an experimental unit for greywater treatment; for water conservation purposes

Soliman

2022

Aswan University Journal of Environmental Studies

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Decreasing of freshwater is one of the biggest problems that faces Egyptian and international society as well, where increase in water consumption with population growth, rare rain with high evaporation, evolution of living, expansion of agricultural areas, and industrial projects, all push scientists to search about non-traditional resources of water. Since most daily activities don't required fresh water, it was necessary to find another source of water that can meet these proposes to save a high amount of freshwater consumed in such activities. One of the suggestions to find a new water resource is the reuse of greywater as non-potable water to face the continuous pressure on water consumption. In this study an experimental treatment unit has been tested and evaluated from the greywater treatment efficiency point of view. The filtration method using both up-down and down-up flow is selected to treat the greywater. Different filteration media such as: gravel, sand, MBB, and sponge were tested and evaluated from treatment efficiency point of view. Based on the analysis of the results of the experimental work; it was found that using sponge as filtration media is the most efficient strategy comparing with others for greywater treatment. The removal efficiency of evaluated parameters for sponge filter were; 98.8%, 86.91%, 67.90%, 71.15%, and 86.36% for TSS, Turbidity, COD, Nitrate, and Phosphate respectively. This treatment unit can be used for treatment of light greywater efficiently, and its effluent can be reused at least in toilet flushing and irrigation of green areas, saving huge amount of fresh water. Greywater reuse is highlighted because its participation in water resources conservation.

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Use of green roofs for greywater treatment: Role of substrate, depth, plants, and recirculation

Cited by 34 publications

References 45 publications

Green roof substrates—A literature review

Green roof substrates—A literature review

Sustainable green roofs: a comprehensive review of influential factors

Assessment of an experimental unit for greywater treatment; for water conservation purposes

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