Use of halophyte forages for rehabilitation of degraded lands

Malcolm, C. V.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0818-8_4

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…(Kumar and Abrol, 1984), sesbania [Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight] (Ahmad et al, 1990), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (Ilyas et al, 1993), Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L.) (Oster et al, 1999), Kochia (Kochia scoparia L. or Bassia prostrata L.) (Garduno, 1993), barnyard grass [Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv] (Aslam et al, 1987), purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) (Grieve and Suarez, 1997), and shrub species from the genera Atriplex and Maireana (Malcolm, 1993;Barrett-Lennard, 2002), among others. Le Houérou (1993) provided information on salt-tolerant plants of the arid regions of the Mediterranean zone.…”

Section: Forage Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Productivity enhancement of salt‐affected environments through crop diversification

et al. 2008

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Recent trends and future demographic projections suggest that the need to produce more food and fibre will necessitate effective utilization of salt-affected land and saline water resources. Currently at least 20 per cent of the world's irrigated land is salt affected and/or irrigated with waters containing elevated levels of salts. Several major irrigation schemes have suffered from the problems of salinity and sodicity, reducing their agricultural productivity and sustainability. Productivity enhancement of salt-affected land and saline water resources through crop-based management has the potential to transform them from environmental burdens into economic opportunities. Research efforts have led to the identification of a number of field crops, forage grasses and shrubs, aromatic and medicinal species, bio-fuel crops, and fruit tree and agroforestry systems, which are profitable and suit a variety of salt-affected environments. Several of these species have agricultural significance in terms of their local utilization on the farm. Therefore, crop diversification systems based on salt-tolerant plant species are likely to be the key to future agricultural and economic growth in regions where salt-affected soils exist, saline drainage waters are generated, and/or saline aquifers are pumped for irrigation. However, such systems will need to consider three issues: improving the productivity per unit of salt-affected land and saline water resources, protecting the environment and involving farmers in the most suitable and sustainable crop diversifying systems to mitigate any perceived risks. This review covers different aspects of salt-affected land and saline water resources, synthesizes research knowledge on salinity/sodicity tolerances in different plant species, and highlights promising examples of crop diversification and management to improve and maximize benefits from these resources.

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Section: Forage Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and blue-bush (Maireana spp.) have been known to widely occur in saline environments (Le Houérou, 1993;Malcolm, 1993;Barrett-Lennard, 2002). Although these species are relatively salt sensitive at germination, they withstand high levels of salts when established.…”

Section: Forage Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity enhancement of salt‐affected environments through crop diversification

et al. 2008

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“…contained 5-15% soluble salts (Hem 1967), and the saline litter produced from salt-laden foliage may decrease the growth of nearby species (�ecker 1961). Tamarisks have been used for the revegetation of degraded saline and/or sodic lands (Qureshi et al 1993;Llerena 1994;Malcolm 1994), but the selection of this species should be considered carefully because of its invasive nature. After its introduction, T. chinensis has invaded riparian areas in seven states of the western United States (Muzika & Swearingen 2005).…”

Section: Plant Growth Under Different Treatments In the Greenhouse Exmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural revegetation of coal fly ash in a highly saline disposal lagoon in Hong Kong

Chu

2008

Applied Vegetation Science

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Question: What is the relationship of the naturally colonizing vegetation and substrate characteristics in fly ash lagoons? Location: West lagoon, Deep Bay, a 13-ha coastal lagoon in Hong Kong in subtropical Southeast Asia. Methods: Vegetation establishment was examined in a coal fly ash lagoon two years after its abandonment to investigate the distribution of vegetation in relationship to the chemical properties of the fly ash in the lagoon. A greenhouse experiment assessed the limits imposed on plant growth in fly ash. Results: The fly ash was saline, slightly alkaline and very poor in organic matter and nitrogen. Ash from bare and vegetated areas differed significantly in their salinity and extractable concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and various metals. Bare ash had a significantly higher conductivity and extractable sodium, aluminum, manganese, potassium, and lead. In total 11 plant species that belonged to seven families were found growing on the fly ash; all species except the shrub Tamarix chinensis were herbaceous. Using discriminant analysis, the most important factors in distinguishing bare and vegetated ashes were conductivity and sodium. Cluster analysis of bare samples gave two distinct groups, one from the periphery of the lagoon, which had lower sodium, conductivity, organic carbon, potassium and copper, and the other from a second group that contained ashes from the central region of the lagoon. Results of the greenhouse experiment showed that the inhibition of plant growth was significantly correlated with the presence of soluble toxic elements in ash. Conclusion: Toxicity and salinity seem to be the major limiting factors to plant establishment in fly ash, and these factors must be ameliorated for the successful reclamation of these fly ash lagoons.

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“…Several other salt-resistant plant species have produced suf®cient biomass on salt-affected soils and/or through irrigation with saline-sodic or sodic waters. These include shrub species from the genera Atriplex and Maireana (Malcolm, 1993;Ahmad and Ismail, 1996;Qureshi and Barrett-Lennard, 1998), Kochia scoparia L. (Garduno, 1993), Salicornia bigelovii Torr. (Glenn et al, 1996), Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv.…”

Section: Crops For Sodic Soilsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Amelioration strategies for sodic soils: a review

2001

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Sodic soils are characterized by the occurrence of excess sodium (Na ) to levels that can adversely affect soil structure and disturb availability of some nutrients to plants. Such changes ultimately affect crop growth and yield. There are large areas of the world that exist under sodic soils and need attention for ef®cient, inexpensive and environmentally feasible amelioration. Sodic soil amelioration involves increase in calcium (Ca 2 ) on the cation exchange sites at the expense of Na . The replaced Na together with excess soluble salts, if present, is removed from the root zone through in®ltrating water as a result of excessive irrigations. Record nearly a century old reveal the use of water, crop, chemical amendment, electric current, and tillage as amelioration tools for such soils. Among the amelioration strategies, chemical amendments have an extensive usage. Owing to gradual increases in amendment cost in some parts of the world during the last two decades, this amelioration strategy has become cost-intensive, particularly for the subsistence farmers in developing countries. In the meantime, phytoremediation with low initial investment has emerged as a potential substitute of chemical amelioration. Phytoremediation works through plant root action that helps dissolve native soil calcite (CaCO 3 ) of low solubility to supply adequate levels of Ca 2 for an effective Na À Ca 2 exchange without the application of an amendment. Although signi®cant progress has been achieved in improving amelioration methods, a great deal of work remains to analyse the economics of such methods with focus on (1) the long-term sustainability of the amelioration projects and (2) the consequences of amelioration for the farmer himself, other growers and society as a whole. Computer modelling may help assess economic viability of different soil amelioration methods to extend results broadly to other similar locations. In addition, computer modelling to stimulate movement and reactions of salts in sodic soils has been a potentially useful complement to experimental data. However, such models need evaluation under ®eld conditions.

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Use of halophyte forages for rehabilitation of degraded lands

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Productivity enhancement of salt‐affected environments through crop diversification

Productivity enhancement of salt‐affected environments through crop diversification

Natural revegetation of coal fly ash in a highly saline disposal lagoon in Hong Kong

Amelioration strategies for sodic soils: a review

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