Use of high-performance liquid chromatography to assess airborne mycotoxins

TARIN, A; Rosell, Mònica; Guardino, X.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.06.094

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Among all mycotoxins, aflatoxins are a group of highly toxic secondary metabolic products named as aflatoxin B1(AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2)[15, 16]. Aflatoxins are carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressive to most animal species and humans [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Mould and Aflatoxin Contamination in Tarhana, a Turkish Fermented Food

Çolak

Hampikyan²,

Bingöl³

et al. 2012

The Scientific World Journal

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Tarhana is a popular traditional Turkish cereal-based fermented food product mainly produced at home or at home-scale level. Some certain mould species can grow even at low moisture and pH values and produce aflatoxins in food. This study was conducted to determine aflatoksin levels in tarhana. For this purpose, a total of 138 tarhana powder samples were collected from bazaars in Istanbul and analyzed for aflatoxins, mould contamination, and some physco-chemical parameters. As a result, 32 out of 138 tarhana samples (23.2%) were found to be contaminated with aflatoxins in the range of 0.7–16.8 μg/kg, whereas 29 samples contained Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) ranging from 0.2–13.2 μg/kg. All samples (100%) contaminated with moulds in the range of 1.4 × 101 –5.8 × 107cfu/g. The average pH, moisture and aw results were detected as 3.82, 12.71%, and 0.695, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Mould and Aflatoxin Contamination in Tarhana, a Turkish Fermented Food

Çolak

Hampikyan²,

Bingöl³

et al. 2012

The Scientific World Journal

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“…Isotachophoresis (ITP) is a nonlinear electrophoretic technique used to preconcentrate and separate a variety of ionic compounds, ranging from small metallic ions to large biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. ITP is an effective electrophoretic preconcentration technique, with the potential of up to 1 million fold preconcentration. − In ITP, sample ions focus between leading (LE) and trailing electrolytes (TE) which have co-ions with respectively higher and lower effective electrophoretic mobilities than the sample ions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotachophoretic Preconcenetration on Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices

2014

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Paper substrates have been widely used to construct point-of-care lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) diagnostic devices. Paper based microfluidic devices are robust and relatively simple to operate, compared to channel microfluidic devices, which is perhaps their greatest advantage and the reason they have reached a high level of commercial success. However, paper devices may not be well suited for integrated sample preparation, such as sample extraction and preconcentration, which is required in complex samples with low analyte concentrations. In this study, we investigate integration of isotachophoresis (ITP), an electrokinetic preconcentration and extraction technique, onto nitrocellulose-based paper microfluidic devices with the goal to improve the limit of detection of LFIA. ITP has been largely used in traditional capillary based microfluidic devices as a pretreatment method to preconcentrate and separate a variety of ionic compounds. Our findings show that ITP on nitrocellulose is capable of up to a 900 fold increase in initial sample concentration and up to 60% extraction from 100 μL samples and more than 80% extraction from smaller sample volumes. Paper based ITP is challenged by Joule heating and evaporation because it is open to the environment. We achieved high preconcentration by mitigating evaporation induced dispersion using novel cross-shaped device structures that keep the paper hydrated. We show that ITP on the nitrocellulose membrane can be powered and run several times by a small button battery suggesting that it could be integrated to a portable point-of-care diagnostic device. These results highlight the potential of ITP to increase the sensitivity of paper based LFIA under conditions where small analyte concentrations are present in complex biological samples.

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“…High sensitivity (at the ng m À3 mycotoxin level) was indeed necessary as, given the regulatory control limits required in the food industry, the airborne concentrations were generally expected to be very low. The limited existing data seemed to indicate that the concentration levels in air could even be lower, even for sites chosen for their susceptibility to high mycotoxin contamination (0.189 and 0.080 ng m À3 on average for aatoxins G2 and B1, 16 less than 8.304, 0.04, 0.029, 0.04 and 0.131 ng m À3 for OTA, aatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 respectively, 21 less than 0.04 and 0.013 ng m À3 for OTA and aatoxins 22 ). Any sampler operating with too low a ow rate, such as the 1 to 2 mL min À1 lter-in-cassette, was consequently discarded from our selection.…”

Section: Selection Of the Personal Workplace Samplermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Regarding the rare previously published data, the reported limits of quantication could not always be directly compared with ours. 16,[20][21][22] They were sometimes calculated from the analytical limit of detection linked to the highest air volume imaginable. This, in our opinion, is a much too optimistic way of proceeding.…”

Section: Field Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, until a few years ago, hardly any studies had examined the impact of mycotoxins in workplace air. 9,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The measuring techniques were sometimes not sensitive enough, whether measuring mould or mycotoxin levels in foodstuffs, in settled dust or in air. The mycotoxin concentration results were so heterogeneous that it was still impossible in 2008 to reach a conclusion concerning their signicance in worker exposure and diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and validation of sampling and analytical methods for mycotoxins in workplace air

Jargot

Mélin

2013

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Mycotoxins are produced by certain plant or foodstuff moulds under growing, transport or storage conditions. They are toxic for humans and animals, some are carcinogenic. Methods to monitor occupational exposure to seven of the most frequently occurring airborne mycotoxins have been characterized and validated. Experimental aerosols have been generated from naturally contaminated particles for sampler evaluation. Air samples were collected on foam pads, using the CIP 10 personal aerosol sampler with its inhalable health-related aerosol fraction selector. The samples were subsequently solvent extracted from the sampling media, cleaned using immunoaffinity (IA) columns and analyzed by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Ochratoxin A (OTA) or fumonisin and aflatoxin derivatives were detected and quantified. The quantification limits were 0.015 ng m(-3) OTA, 1 ng m(-3) fumonisins or 0.5 pg m(-3) aflatoxins, with a minimum dust concentration level of 1 mg m(-3) and a 4800 L air volume sampling. The methods were successfully applied to field measurements, which confirmed that workers could be exposed when handling contaminated materials. It was observed that airborne particles may be more contaminated than the bulk material itself. The validated methods have measuring ranges fully adapted to the concentrations found in the workplace. Their performance meets the general requirements laid down for chemical agent measurement procedures, with an expanded uncertainty less than 50% for most mycotoxins. The analytical uncertainty, comprised between 14 and 24%, was quite satisfactory given the low mycotoxin amounts, when compared to the food benchmarks. The methods are now user-friendly enough to be adopted for personal workplace sampling. They will later allow for mycotoxin occupational risk assessment, as only very few quantitative data have been available till now.

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Use of high-performance liquid chromatography to assess airborne mycotoxins

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Determination of Mould and Aflatoxin Contamination in Tarhana, a Turkish Fermented Food

Determination of Mould and Aflatoxin Contamination in Tarhana, a Turkish Fermented Food

Isotachophoretic Preconcenetration on Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices

Characterization and validation of sampling and analytical methods for mycotoxins in workplace air

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