Use of Hydrates for Cold Storage and Distribution in Refrigeration and Air‐Conditioning Applications

Delahaye, Anthony; Fournaison, Laurence; Dalmazzone, Didier

doi:10.1002/9781119451174.ch15

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…Since the beginning of the 20th century, the formation of gas hydrates in pipelines has been regarded as a serious problem for the oil and gas industry, as this process can lead to emergencies and, consequently, to a threat to human safety, huge economic losses and environmental pollution [4,5]. On the other hand, the development of gas hydrate naturemimic technologies is important for the storage and transportation of natural gas, capture of carbon dioxide, desalination, combustion and even refrigeration processes [6][7][8][9][10], since one volume of hydrate can accommodate up to 160 volumes of gas [1]. Besides, hydrates are widespread in nature (up to 99% of natural gas hydrates occur in marine sediments) [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Water Saturation, Grain Size of Quartz Sand and Hydrate-Former on the Gas Hydrate Formation

et al. 2021

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The development of technologies for the accelerated formation or decomposition of gas hydrates is an urgent topic. This will make it possible to utilize a gas, including associated petroleum one, into a hydrate state for its further use or to produce natural gas from hydrate-saturated sediments. In this work, the effect of water content in wide range (0.7–50 mass%) and the size of quartz sand particles (porous medium; <50 μm, 125–160 μm and unsifted sand) on the formation of methane and methane-propane hydrates at close conditions (subcooling value) has been studied. High-pressure differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray computed tomography techniques were employed to analyze the hydrate formation process and pore sizes, respectively. The exponential growth of water to hydrate conversion with a decrease in the water content due to the rise of water–gas surface available for hydrate formation was revealed. Sieving the quartz sand resulted in a significant increase in water to hydrate conversion (59% for original sand compared to more than 90% for sieved sand). It was supposed that water suction due to the capillary forces influences both methane and methane-propane hydrates formation as well with latent hydrate forming up to 60% either without a detectable heat flow or during the ice melting. This emphasizes the importance of being developed for water–gas (ice–gas) interface to effectively transform water into the hydrate state. In any case, the ice melting (presence of thawing water) may allow a higher conversion degree. Varying the water content and the sand grain size allows to control the degree of water to hydrate conversion and subcooling achieved before the hydrate formation. Taking into account experimental error, the equilibrium conditions of hydrates formation do not change in all studied cases. The data obtained can be useful in developing a method for obtaining hydrates under static conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Water Saturation, Grain Size of Quartz Sand and Hydrate-Former on the Gas Hydrate Formation

et al. 2021

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“…7,10 Besides, cyclopentane is another hydrate former that has attracted the interest of investigators because it can form hydrates at atmospheric pressure. 11 Despite the disadvantage of hydrates in the blockage of gas pipelines, 12 it has been reported that they have numerous beneficial applications in natural gas storage, 13 hydrogen storage, 14 separation of greenhouse gases, 15 fruit juice and coffee concentration, 16,17 cold storage, 18 and brackish and wastewater desalination. 19,20 In the hydrate-based desalination (HBD) process, salts or minerals can be excluded during hydrate crystallization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methane (CH 4 ), ethane (C 2 H 6 ), propane (C 3 H 8 ), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), ethylene (C 2 H 4 ), and refrigerants are common hydrate formers that form hydrates under pressures higher than the atmospheric pressure. , Besides, cyclopentane is another hydrate former that has attracted the interest of investigators because it can form hydrates at atmospheric pressure . Despite the disadvantage of hydrates in the blockage of gas pipelines, it has been reported that they have numerous beneficial applications in natural gas storage, hydrogen storage, separation of greenhouse gases, fruit juice and coffee concentration, , cold storage, and brackish and wastewater desalination. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Effect of NaCl on the Kinetics of R410a Hydrate Formation in the Presence and Absence of Cyclopentane with Potential Application in Hydrate-Based Desalination

Pahlavanzadeh

Javidani

Ganji³

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Serious issues regarding the scarcity of freshwater encouraged researchers to work on various methods for seawater desalination. Hydrate-based desalination (HBD) is a novel method that has received investigators’ attention due to its outstanding properties. According to the literature, refrigerant hydrates have great potential to be employed in the HBD process because of their highly moderate phase equilibrium. The main purpose of the current study is to investigate the influence of different concentrations of NaCl (0, 1, 3.5, 5, and 8 wt %) on the major kinetic parameters of R410a refrigerant hydrate formation in the presence and absence of cyclopentane with the concentration of 0.5 mol % as a coformer. The experiments were performed in a stirred laboratory reactor at an initial temperature of 278.15 K and initial pressures of 0.9 and 1 MPa. The measurements of induction time and mole of gas consumption show that NaCl increases the induction time and decreases the amount of gas consumption. However, the addition of 0.5 mol % cyclopentane decreases the induction time slightly and increases the final amount of gas consumed. Besides, despite the fact that cyclopentane decreases the initial rate of gas uptake, it could promote the amount of gas consumption during hydrate formation. The results of the water-to-hydrate conversion ratio illustrated that NaCl with concentrations up to 5 wt % exhibits an insignificant decrease of water-to-hydrate conversion, while 8 wt % NaCl decreases this parameter down to 51.48%. Moreover, the positive effect of cyclopentane on the growth stage was revealed by determination of the apparent rate constant of hydrate growth. This study provides useful data for designing and understanding the HBD process via R410a hydrate formation.

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“…Gas hydrates are divided into three structures (structure I (sI), structure II (sII), and structure H (sH)), and the structure of the gas hydrate depends on the guest molecule size, the temperature, and the pressure [8]. The application of gas hydrate technology has shown significant promise in a variety of industries, including gas storage and transportation [9], CO 2 storage [10], cold storage technology [11], and seawater desalination [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO₂ Hydrate Formation Kinetics in the Presence of a Layered Double Hydroxide Nanofluid

et al. 2023

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The effects of a hybrid nanofluid (Cu-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH)) on the CO 2 hydrate formation kinetics was investigated at three different nanofluid concentrations (0.25-1.0 wt %). The Cu-Al LDH nanofluid was prepared using a one-step co-precipitation technique. The addition of the LDH nanofluid reduces the induction time and enhances the hydrate formation kinetics. The maximum reduction in the induction time (by 91.08 %) was observed at the optimal nanofluid concentration of 0.5 wt %, compared to water. A chemical affinity model was implemented to predict the experimental data for CO 2 hydrate formation in the presence of the different LDH nanofluid concentrations. An artificial neural network-based Levenberg-Marquardt model predicts the experimental data with higher accuracy than the scaled conjugate gradient model. The results indicate a strong dependency of the hydrate formation kinetics on the LDH nanofluid concentrations.

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Use of Hydrates for Cold Storage and Distribution in Refrigeration and Air‐Conditioning Applications

Cited by 11 publications

References 153 publications

Influence of Water Saturation, Grain Size of Quartz Sand and Hydrate-Former on the Gas Hydrate Formation

Influence of Water Saturation, Grain Size of Quartz Sand and Hydrate-Former on the Gas Hydrate Formation

Investigation of the Effect of NaCl on the Kinetics of R410a Hydrate Formation in the Presence and Absence of Cyclopentane with Potential Application in Hydrate-Based Desalination

CO₂ Hydrate Formation Kinetics in the Presence of a Layered Double Hydroxide Nanofluid

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Use of Hydrates for Cold Storage and Distribution in Refrigeration and Air‐Conditioning Applications

Cited by 11 publications

References 153 publications

Influence of Water Saturation, Grain Size of Quartz Sand and Hydrate-Former on the Gas Hydrate Formation

Influence of Water Saturation, Grain Size of Quartz Sand and Hydrate-Former on the Gas Hydrate Formation

Investigation of the Effect of NaCl on the Kinetics of R410a Hydrate Formation in the Presence and Absence of Cyclopentane with Potential Application in Hydrate-Based Desalination

CO2 Hydrate Formation Kinetics in the Presence of a Layered Double Hydroxide Nanofluid

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CO₂ Hydrate Formation Kinetics in the Presence of a Layered Double Hydroxide Nanofluid