Use of Hydrogen Peroxide and Peroxyl Radicals to Induce Oxidative Stress in Neuronal Cells

Othman, Sana Ben; Yabe, Tomio

doi:10.7831/ras.3.40

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“… The role of EMF emitted from several devices, depicting an increase in the generation of ROS and consequent oxidative stress in the central nervous system resulting from the inability of the antioxidant defense system to cope with this increase in ROS [ 81 ]. …”

Section: Emf-related Oxidative Stress and Effects On Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on the antioxidant defense system

Kıvrak

Yurt

Kaplan

et al. 2017

J Microsc Ultrastruct

198

113

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Technological devices have become essential components of daily life. However, their deleterious effects on the body, particularly on the nervous system, are well known. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have various chemical effects, including causing deterioration in large molecules in cells and imbalance in ionic equilibrium. Despite being essential for life, oxygen molecules can lead to the generation of hazardous by-products, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), during biological reactions. These reactive oxygen species can damage cellular components such as proteins, lipids and DNA. Antioxidant defense systems exist in order to keep free radical formation under control and to prevent their harmful effects on the biological system. Free radical formation can take place in various ways, including ultraviolet light, drugs, lipid oxidation, immunological reactions, radiation, stress, smoking, alcohol and biochemical redox reactions. Oxidative stress occurs if the antioxidant defense system is unable to prevent the harmful effects of free radicals. Several studies have reported that exposure to EMF results in oxidative stress in many tissues of the body. Exposure to EMF is known to increase free radical concentrations and traceability and can affect the radical couple recombination. The purpose of this review was to highlight the impact of oxidative stress on antioxidant systems.Abbreviations: EMF, electromagnetic fields; RF, radiofrequency; ROS, reactive oxygen species; GSH, glutathione; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; CAT, catalase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; HSP, heat shock protein; EMF/RFR, electromagnetic frequency and radiofrequency exposures; ELF-EMFs, exposure to extremely low frequency; MEL, melatonin; FA, folic acid; MDA, malondialdehyde.

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Section: Emf-related Oxidative Stress and Effects On Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on the antioxidant defense system

Kıvrak

Yurt

Kaplan

et al. 2017

J Microsc Ultrastruct

198

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The production of H 2 O 2 is mainly associated with the superoxide radical (O 2 •‐ ) produced during the mitochondrial electron transport chain. AAPH on the other hand induces oxidation of membrane lipids giving rice to peroxyl radicals (LOO • ) (Othman & Yabe, ). Present evidence suggests that the ethanol solubles of C. racemosa and its successive fractions, CREE and CREH contain antioxidants that could suppress oxidative stress in ROS‐induced Vero cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production of H 2 O 2 is mainly associated with the superoxide radical (transport chain. AAPH on the other hand induces oxidation of membrane lipids giving rice to peroxyl radicals (LOO • )(Othman & Yabe, 2015). Present evidence suggests that the ethanol solubles of C. racemosa and its successive fractions, CREE and CREH contain antioxidants that could suppress oxidative stress in ROS-induced Vero cells.4.3 | Effect of CRE and subfractions upon the reduction of inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophagesAs shown inFigure 2a, CRE dose-dependently reduced the NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages while increasing the cell viability compared to the LPS (only) treatment group.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Squalene isolated from marine macroalgae Caulerpa racemosa and its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities

et al. 2018

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Evaluating biofunctional properties of marine natural products receives increased attention in recent research. Current study explores the biofunctional properties of Caulerpa racemosa 70% ethanol extract (CRE) to identify bioactive principals. Ethyl acetate (CREE) and hexane (CREH) fractions of CRE indicated potent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity. Bioassay‐guided purification of CREH led to the isolation of squalene, which indicated prominent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity. Squalene reduced alkyl and hydroxyl radical scavenging and 2,2'‐Azobis(2‐amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and H2O2‐induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Squalene increased protective effects in HaCaT keratinocytes against UV‐induced cell damage by reducing ROS levels. Furthermore, squalene could reduce nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase (COX‐2) levels, and some key pro‐inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide‐induced RAW macrophages. Structure of squalene was confirmed by NMR and GC‐MS/MS analysis. This is the first study to report the isolation of squalene from the macroalgae C. racemosa. Practical applications Caulerpa racemosa is an edible green alga popularly consumed as a salad in South East Asia. The current study highlights the antioxidant and the broad range of anti‐inflammatory functionality of its 70% ethanol extract and solvent fractions. The studies led to the isolation of squalene which also indicated prominent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity. Hence C. racemosa possesses nutraceutical and bioactive properties which enable it to be used as a functional food ingredient or in manufacturing cosmeceuticals.

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“…Neuronal cells have been demonstrated to be highly sensitive to oxidative stress. Therefore, the roles of ROS in neurodegenerative diseases have been extensively studied to find effective antioxidant therapies able to prevent and decrease ROS generation 9,10 . Currently, levodopa and dopamine agonists are considered the main treatments for PD, but these therapies have limited efficacy due to their severe side effects and low ability to penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%