Use of Hyposensitization Injections to Control Seasonal Pruritus in a Bactrian Camel (Camelus Bactrianus)

Gage, Laurie J.; Vandenabeele, Sophie; White, Stephen D.

doi:10.1638/04-015

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Positive reactions to house dust mites in horses in IDT have been reported previously, 18 as has cross‐reactivity of this mite with other arthropods 19–21 . Interestingly, a camel kept in an outside environment in northern California also had positive reactions on IDT to both D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus , and was subsequently successfully hyposensitized to these and other environmental allergens 22 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Equine atopic skin disease and response to allergen‐specific immunotherapy: a retrospective study at the University of California‐Davis (1991–2008)

Stepnik¹,

Outerbridge²,

White³

et al. 2011

Veterinary Dermatology

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This retrospective study reports on the clinical presentation of equine atopic skin disease and evaluates response to treatment with allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) based on intradermal testing and/or serum testing. Computerized medical records from January 1991 to December 2008 yielded 54 horses included in the study. Presenting clinical signs (CS) included urticaria (n=28), pruritus (n=8) or both (n=18). Forty-one of 54 horses received ASIT, and response to ASIT (n=32) was evaluated via telephone survey. Eighty-four per cent (n=27) of owners reported that ASIT reduced their horse's CS; 59% (n=19) were able to manage CS by ASIT alone. Three horses (9%) were managed with ASIT in combination with doxepin and discontinued use of corticosteroids. There was no statistical significance between type of test performed and reported success of ASIT (χ(2) analysis, P=0.53). Ninety-three per cent (n=30) of owners reported use of antipruritic medications prior to starting ASIT; 57% (n=17) of these owners reported discontinuing those medications due to success of ASIT. Adverse effects were limited to swelling at the injection site, seen in 16% (n=5). Seventy-five per cent (n=24) of owners elected to discontinue ASIT after 6 months to 8 years (mean 2.2 years): 15 due to resolution of CS, six due to persistent CS, two because the horse was sold, and one due to cost. Ten owners reported no recurrence of CS after discontinuing ASIT; five had recurrence within a median of 2 years of discontinuing ASIT (range 1-12 years). Allergen-specific immunotherapy is a safe and effective way to manage equine atopic skin disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Equine atopic skin disease and response to allergen‐specific immunotherapy: a retrospective study at the University of California‐Davis (1991–2008)

Stepnik¹,

Outerbridge²,

White³

et al. 2011

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…However, therapeutic AIT has also been used anecdotally in a number of other species. One of the authors (RSM) has used this treatment modality in an allergic seal, a parrot and a snow leopard, and case reports have been published in a black leopard and a camel …”

Section: Ait In Other Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the authors (RSM) has used this treatment modality in an allergic seal, a parrot and a snow leopard, and case reports have been published in a black leopard 70 and a camel. 71 10 | THE FUTURE OF AIT…”

Section: Ait In Other Specie Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergen immunotherapy in people, dogs, cats and horses – differences, similarities and research needs

Mueller¹,

Jensen‐Jarolim

Roth‐Walter

et al. 2018

Allergy

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In human patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis sensitized to grass pollen, the first successful allergen immunotherapy (AIT) was reported in 1911. Today, immunotherapy is an accepted treatment for allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and hypersensitivities to insect venom. AIT is also used for atopic dermatitis and recently for food allergy. Subcutaneous, epicutaneous, intralymphatic, oral and sublingual protocols of AIT exist. In animals, most data are available in dogs where subcutaneous AIT is an accepted treatment for atopic dermatitis. Initiating a regulatory response and a production of "blocking" IgG antibodies with AIT are similar mechanisms in human beings and dogs with allergic diseases. Although subcutaneous immunotherapy is used for atopic dermatitis in cats, data for its efficacy are sparse. There is some evidence for successful treatment of feline asthma with AIT. In horses, most studies evaluate the effect of AIT on insect hypersensitivity with conflicting results although promising pilot studies have demonstrated the prophylaxis of insect hypersensitivity with recombinant antigens of biting midges (Culicoides spp.). Optimizing AIT using allergoids, peptide immunotherapy, recombinant allergens and new adjuvants with the different administration types of allergen extracts will further improve compliance and efficacy of this proven treatment modality.

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“…This difference may be attributed to the small number of examined camels with an age group of fewer than two years compared to the rest of the ages because they are sold for slaughter purposes. In addition, the difference in the type of animal and the presence of chronic and parasite-carrying cases in which the animal continues to throw oocysts with feces (Fayer et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and epidemiological study of some parasitic and viral enteric infections in dromedary camels in Al-Muthanna province

A.M.R.

2024

Trop Biomed

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Understanding the normal physiology of the body is the key to study the changes that occur due to any infection. It is known that enteric infections play a considerable role in affecting normal body status. Thus, this study was designed for investigating the enteric infections in Arabian camels in Al-Muthanna Province. In this investigation, 588 fecal and blood serum samples (for diarrheic camels only) were collected from the camels in different areas of Al-Muthanna Province, Iraq from both sexes of different ages during the period from October 2020 up to the end of August 2021. The samples were examined using routine microscopic examination techniques, hematological techniques, and ELISA for parasitic and viral identification. Eimeria rajasthani, Isospora orlovi were recorded for the first time in Iraqi camels with clinical signs of diarrhea, dehydration, and emaciation. The study recorded four types of protozoa: Eimeria spp., Isospora, Cryptosporidium and Balantidium coli. The recorded types of Eimeria were E. dromedarii, E. cameli, and E. rajasthani. There was a significant effect of age on infection rates with Eimeria spp. as the highest Eimeria ratio was in ages of less than two years animals. The infection rates were also affected with months which reached the highest ratios of Eimeria in October while the lowest ratio of Eimeria was recorded in July. BVDV infection rate was found in camels that suffered from diarrhea. There is no significant effect of sex on the onset of the viral disease in camels. For hematological parameters, there were significant differences in RBCs, WBCs, Hb, and PCV values in protozoal and BVDV infections. In conclusion, different kinds of protozoal and viral infections were recorded. Some of the recorded infections were associated with acute clinical signs and have zoonotic importance.

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Use of Hyposensitization Injections to Control Seasonal Pruritus in a Bactrian Camel (Camelus Bactrianus)

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Equine atopic skin disease and response to allergen‐specific immunotherapy: a retrospective study at the University of California‐Davis (1991–2008)

Equine atopic skin disease and response to allergen‐specific immunotherapy: a retrospective study at the University of California‐Davis (1991–2008)

Allergen immunotherapy in people, dogs, cats and horses – differences, similarities and research needs

Physiological and epidemiological study of some parasitic and viral enteric infections in dromedary camels in Al-Muthanna province

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