Use of Indian smell identification test for evaluating olfaction in idiopathic Parkinson′s disease patients in India

George, Jaiben; Jose, Toney; Behari, Madhuri

doi:10.4103/0028-3886.117598

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It is a known fact that if the power of odor is affected even then its difficult to recognize as concluded by a research paper that states the reduced applicability of selective attention combined with a theorized inhibitory mechanism and additional factors that jointly limit the place of odors in awareness [ 40 ]. So here comes the role of an objective test for olfaction like UPSIT, 12-odorant Sniffin-sticks or if smell in the standard olfactory test is unfamiliar then some indigenous method of familiar odors can be used such as 10-odourant Indian Smell Identification Test (INSIT) in India [ 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Importance of Atypical Otorhinolaryngological Symptoms in the Screening of COVID-19 Patients

Kaur

Mohan²,

Mohan

et al. 2020

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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While the world is fighting against the newly emerged highly contagious coronavirus strain, new evolving ideas regarding symptoms and investigations are reverberating among health care professionals to combat the public health emergency. The study aims to review various presenting symptoms of COVID-19 especially the unusual one and analyzing the importance of olfactory and taste disturbances. 20 studies published recently in the last 1 year were analyzed and discussed for insights into the unusual presentation of symptoms in COVID-19 patients. All the findings and statements in this review regarding the pandemic are based on published information as listed in the references. Most research articles initially focused on fever and respiratory symptoms. Later gastrointestinal symptoms were also taken into consideration. Only 5 studies from the literature have mentioned any smell and taste disturbances after SARS-CoV-2 infection to date. So changing trends can be seen in publications and recognizing these symptoms has important to timely combat this disease. The majority of corona virus-infected patients suffer from mild to moderate severity of the disease. Much hyped up symptoms of the respiratory tract may not be shown by a greater number of patients. So the need of the hour especially in developing and densely populated nations is to recognize unusual symptoms of COVID-19 especially its influence over smell and taste sensation to prevent any delay or misdiagnosis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Importance of Atypical Otorhinolaryngological Symptoms in the Screening of COVID-19 Patients

Kaur

Mohan²,

Mohan

et al. 2020

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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“…Simple smell scanning: This would consist of several small containers containing dry powder of substances such as cardamom, kewra, lemon, vanilla and pineapple and a subject is required to identify. The selection of scent and concentration is based on standard "University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test" and "Indian smell identification test" (George 2013;Jackman 2005). Also standards can be set using test on control groups to get minimum concentration required to be detected by viral infected people.…”

Section: Proposed Smell Testing Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Device for Large Scale Pre-screening for COVID-19

Gandhi

Bafna

Arabale

et al. 2020

Trans Indian Natl. Acad. Eng.

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Recent pandemic caused by COVID-19 has motivated lockdown in several countries for long duration and will have a long lasting impact on the social life and economics world wide. India is no exception although showing relatively delayed increase in number of cases. Multilayered diagnostics for mass scaled screening is inevitable during and especially after the peak is passed and life is moving towards normalcy. First level of screening currently used in India is mainly based on temperature and has possibility of false positives and false negative (fever as a symptom has not yet been developed although infected). We propose here another augmentation or an intermediate level of screening, depending on the usage, based on assessing olfactory functions. It is established with multiple publications reporting degrading (hyposmia) or loss of sense (anosmia) of smell for infected patients. This paper presents a recently developed technology and device that uses olfactory sense detection using a novel device that is capable of generating precise level of smell digitally, and repeatedly in contactless manner. The device is designed to work with a mobile app that can trigger selected smell or combinations and further can be programmed to give standard or customised smell tests. Estimated capital and running cost are low since one (out of 25) canister filled with of 0.1 ml volume of essential smell oil can serve hundreds of tests. The prototype is tested to work for a desired smell generation and is available for further tweaking for rapid screening of subjects as per the requirements.

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“…Olfactory dysfunction can precede motor symptoms in PD Indian Smell identification Test (INSIT),[ 32 ] and was designed and compared with the standard Sniffin’ Stick test. The smells used in this test were those that are familiar in the Indian population.…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research in Parkinson′s disease in India: A review

Surathi¹,

Jhunjhunwala²,

Yadav³

et al. 2016

Ann Indian Acad Neurol

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder affecting patients in large numbers throughout the world. In this article, we review all the published data on PD based on studies in Indian population. We have tried to consolidate the contribution of Indian studies in PD research. We found 95 articles, of which 92 were original research papers. This is a relatively less number, but in the last decade, there has been an increase in research on PD from this country. But most of them seem to be restricted to only a few research institutes. The nonmotor symptoms and genetics are the most commonly studied aspects. The systematic review of the articles reveals that the epidemiology in India may be different with relatively lesser incidence here. Most of the genetic mutations found to cause PD in other population are not found in India, revealing that other genetic factors may be involved. Further research needs to be encouraged to understand the disease in Indian patients better, as all the results cannot be extrapolated from the Western literature to this heterogeneous Indian population. There need to be more studies on therapeutic aspects of the disease.

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Use of Indian smell identification test for evaluating olfaction in idiopathic Parkinson′s disease patients in India

Abstract: INSIT, being cheap, convenient and more acceptable in the Indian population, can be considered as a better alternative for SniffIn-sticks ® test in the evaluation of olfaction in Indian PD subjects.

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

A Review of the Importance of Atypical Otorhinolaryngological Symptoms in the Screening of COVID-19 Patients

A Review of the Importance of Atypical Otorhinolaryngological Symptoms in the Screening of COVID-19 Patients

Olfactory Device for Large Scale Pre-screening for COVID-19

Research in Parkinson′s disease in India: A review

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