Use of Iodine for Water Disinfection: Iodine Toxicity and Maximum Recommended Dose

Backer, Howard; Hollowell, Joe

doi:10.2307/3434720

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…This can possibly be explained on the basis of mechanism of antimicrobial action of both systems. Iodinated microspheres operate via release of iodine from the copolymeric network, which inhibit cellular transportation and functions owing to formation of I 2 /I 3 ‐complex derivatives . On the other hand, quaternary compounds work by contact killing mechanism without any release of active molecule.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of antimicrobial polyacrylonitrile microspheres for water disinfection

Kaur

Chattopadhyay

Jain

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based antimicrobial polymeric microspheres were synthesized and characterized in the present study. In first approach, hydrolysis of PAN microsphere was performed in alkaline medium to generate carboxylic groups, followed by iodination to obtain iodine incorporated hydrolyzed polymeric microspheres. In second approach, pendant nitrile groups of the PAN microspheres were reduced by lithium aluminum hydride to generate amino functionality. Incorporation of antimicrobial agent was achieved by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride onto the amine‐terminated microspheres. Polymeric samples obtained by both approaches were characterized by analytical, morphological, and spectral techniques. Hydrolyzed microspheres showed higher aqueous swelling capacity, absorbing almost 2000% water in 10–12 days. Both iodinated hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (I2HPAN) and quaternized polyacrylonitrile (QPAN) microspheres showed prominent zone of inhibition against both gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Concentration and time‐dependent bacterial mitigation was observed when different amounts of both I2HPAN and QPAN microspheres were mixed with bacterial solution. I2HPAN established higher killing efficacy than QPAN. PAN‐based antimicrobial microspheres have strong potential to be used as broad spectrum antimicrobial matrices insoluble for water disinfection. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47968.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of antimicrobial polyacrylonitrile microspheres for water disinfection

Kaur

Chattopadhyay

Jain

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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show abstract

“…Certain groups should not use iodine for water treatment: pregnant women (because of concerns of neonatal goiter); those with known hypersensitivity to iodine; persons with a history of thyroid disease, even if controlled on medication; persons with a strong family history of thyroid disease (thyroiditis); and persons from countries with chronic iodine deficiency. 149…”

Section: Halogen Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for Water Disinfection for Wilderness, International Travel, and Austere Situations

Backer

Derlet

Hill

2019

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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To provide guidance to clinicians, the Wilderness Medical Society convened experts to develop evidencebased guidelines for water disinfection in situations where the potability of available water is not ensured, including wilderness and international travel, areas affected by disaster, and other areas without adequate sanitation. The guidelines present the available methods for reducing or eliminating microbiologic contamination of water for individuals, groups, or households; evaluation of their effectiveness; and practical considerations. The evidence evaluation includes both laboratory and clinical publications. The panel graded the recommendations based on the quality of supporting evidence and the balance between benefits and risks or burdens, according to the criteria published by the American College of Chest Physicians.

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“…Although it has been suggested that 1-2 mg/day is safe, there is also evidence that much higher intakes are tolerated without problems. In their comprehensive review of this subject, Backer and Hollowell (2000) concluded that "the strongest data suggest that low levels of iodine (1-5 mg/day) are safe for most people for years." The 10th edition of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (National Research Council 1989) suggested a maximum allowable dietary intake of iodine of 2 mg/day for adults, and Breecher and Dworken (1986) noted that chronic toxicity develops only when intake is > 2 mg/day.…”

Section: Arsenic In Herbal Kelpmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2007

Environ Health Perspect

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Use of Iodine for Water Disinfection: Iodine Toxicity and Maximum Recommended Dose

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Development of antimicrobial polyacrylonitrile microspheres for water disinfection

Development of antimicrobial polyacrylonitrile microspheres for water disinfection

Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for Water Disinfection for Wilderness, International Travel, and Austere Situations

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