Use of ion chromatography for the verification of drug authenticity

Kaine, Lisa A.; Heitkemper, Douglas T.; Jackson, David S.; Wolnik, Karen A.

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(94)80254-8

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Indeed, counterion analysis using ion-chromatography (IC) has been used to determine authenticity and identify instances of adulteration in salt forms of pharmaceuticals. [9] We have previously used chemical shifts and other NMR parameters as sensitive indicators of subtle differences among distinct samples of the same compound in chemical forensic analysis of another rodenticide, brodifacoum, that exists as a mixture of stereoisomers. [10,11] Here, we demonstrate that 1 H and 13 C chemical shifts in protonated strychnine in polar organic solvents show a variable and characteristic distribution that is dependent on the nature of the counterion (anion) accompanying the tertiary ammonium cation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, identification of the counterion could be a means by which to match or disassociate two or more distinct samples of a compound or link a sample to its source or origin. Indeed, counterion analysis using ion‐chromatography (IC) has been used to determine authenticity and identify instances of adulteration in salt forms of pharmaceuticals …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Counterion influence on chemical shifts in strychnine salts

Metaxas

Cort

2013

Magnetic Reson in Chemistry

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The highly toxic plant alkaloid strychnine is often isolated in the form of the anion salt of its protonated tertiary amine. Here, we characterize the relative influence of different counterions on (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts in several strychnine salts in D2O, methanol-d4 (CD3OD), and chloroform-d (CDCl3) solvents. In organic solvents but not in water, substantial variation in chemical shifts of protons near the tertiary amine was observed among different salts. These secondary shifts reveal differences in the way each anion influences electronic structure within the protonated amine. The distributions of secondary shifts allow salts to be easily distinguished from each other as well as from the free base form. Slight concentration dependence in chemical shifts of some protons near the amine was observed for two salts in CDCl3, but this effect is small compared with the influence of the counterion. Distinct chemical shifts in different salt forms of the same compound may be useful as chemical forensic signatures for source attribution and sample matching of alkaloids such as strychnine and possibly other organic acid and base salts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Counterion influence on chemical shifts in strychnine salts

Metaxas

Cort

2013

Magnetic Reson in Chemistry

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“…IC is used extensively in the food and beverages industry (24), for water quality testing (25,26), atmospheric monitoring (27,28), and in the pharmaceutical industry (29). Examples of forensic applications include explosives analysis (30), soil analysis (31), adultered urine determination (32), drug authentication (33), and drug profiling (34). IC is a well‐established technique and has been the preferred method for the detection of inorganic anions and small organic anions for the past 20 years (35), making it an ideal technique for the application to GHB detection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid Screening for the Detection and Differentiation of Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate using Ion Chromatography*,†

Hughes

Walker

2011

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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The analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is problematic because it is hygroscopic, it lacks a good UV chromophore, and it undergoes heat-induced cyclization. This paper presents a new method utilizing ion-exchange chromatography (IC) with conductivity detection. The simple sample preparation, rapid analysis time, and inorganic anion detection capabilities are all advantages over the current methods. The detection of inorganic salts (formed during GHB synthesis) gives insight into the synthetic route utilized and can aid in drug seizure comparison. The developed method has a detection limit for GHB anions of 0.57 mg/L and chloride of 0.22 mg/L. A comparison of this technique with a current gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique is presented, and a t-test found that the two methods' results are not statistically different at the 99.9% confidence level demonstrating the merits of this fast, simple, and informative IC method as a routine screening tool.

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“…The comparison of drug seizures in the Forensic Laboratory of The Netherlands has been described (412). Ion chromatography has been used for the verification of drug authenticity (413). The Racketeering Records Analysis Unit of the FBI Laboratory has developed a protocol for the analysis of suspected clandestine and/or coded drug records (414).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%