“…The J ‐integral is the major method to calculate the fracture energy for elastic‐plastic fracture, and has been used vastly in the fracture analyses of layered ductile materials (eg, Azari et al, Nourani and Spelt, Nourani and Spelt, Fernlund et al, Fraisse and Schmit, Lau, Nadimpalli and Spelt). The measured facture load was used in FEM with a nonlinear load‐geometry solution method to calculate the critical strain energy release rate at crack initiation, J ci , using an elastic‐perfectly plastic model for the solder.…”