Use of Kraft Pine Lignin in Controlled-Release Fertilizer Formulations

Abstract

Lignin was used as a majority component in a controlled-release fertilizar coating, since this waste product displays properties that make it an ideal substance for application in soil together with conventional mineral fertilizers. Pine lignin marketed under the ñame of Indulin AT and obtained by the Kraft process was used. Insoluble in water for all pH valúes that may occur in soil, this product was employed for coating pelleted urea. Seven series of fertilizar were obtained, which also contained various types of rosins and in some cases linseed oil as additives. The physical-chemical evaluation of these fertilizers showed that the most efficient are those whose coating embodies a mixture of dimerized, esterified, and natural rosins, as well as lignin. It was also demonstrated that the efficiency of the producís noticeably increases by adding linseed oil as a sealing agent.

Evaluation of biodegradable polymers as encapsulating agents for the development of a urea controlled-release fertilizer using biochar as support material

“…Several polymer materials have been proposed for CRF encapsulation. The most important of these include -among others -wax and sulfur, as well as organic polymers such as Kraft pine lignin (Garcia et al, 1996), cellulose acetate (Jarosiewicz and Tomaszewska, 2003), and sodium alginate (Liang et al, 2007).…”

Lignin-based formulations to prevent pesticides pollution

“…Lignin is a low-cost waste product in the paper pulp manufacturing process, which is readily available, cheap, and a currently underutilized resource that has shown potential in preparing controlled release formulations [15,16].…”

Lignin and ethylcellulose as polymers in controlled release formulations of urea

“…The purpose of this article was to research the preparation and characterization of urea CR matrixes and urea coated CR granules using two natural polymers such as lignin and ethylcellulose (EC). Lignin is a low‐cost waste product in the paper pulp manufacturing process, which is readily available, cheap, and a currently underutilized resource that has shown potential in preparing CR formulations 13, 19–21. EC is one of the most widely‐used polymers in film coating because of many advantages it affords formulators, such as good film formability, excellent physical‐chemical stability, minimum toxicity, and so on 22…”