Use of lanthanum for water treatment A matter of concern?

Behets, Geert J.; Mubiana, Kayawe Valentine; Lamberts, Ludwig V.; Finsterle, Karin; Traill, Nigel; Blust, Ronny; D’Haese, Patrick C.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124780

Cited by 38 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…La leaching has also been observed in low alkalinity waters, which seems to be mostly facilitated by complexation of La with humic acids (Reitzel et al, 2017). All in all, exposure to LMB treated water is unlikely to pose a health risk to animals and/or humans (D'Haese et al, 2019;Behets et al, 2020) and to date, no indications for long-term negative effects on LMB-treated ecosystems have been found (Copetti et al, 2016;Van Oosterhout et al, 2020a).…”

Section: Geo-engineering Using Lmbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coagulation and precipitation of cyanobacterial blooms

Lürling

Kang

Mucci

et al. 2020

Ecological Engineering

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Eutrophication is the prime water quality issue in inland waters. Eutrophication and its key symptom, harmful cyanobacterial blooms, is expected to further increase in the future, which highlights the importance of managing the issue. The reduction of external nutrient load is crucial but might not bring fast relief to eutrophic waters due to ongoing diffuse pollution and legacy nutrients in the sediment. In this context, in-lake measures are needed to speed-up recovery. In this review, we discuss different in-lake measures based on coagulation and precipitation of cyanobacteria and/or phosphate for different lake categories (e.g., shallow or deep, mainly external or internal nutrient load, occurrence of perennial or summer blooms). In deep lakes with an external nutrient load higher than the internal load, a "Floc and Sink" method could be used in which a coagulant (e.g. aluminium salts, Al-salts; chitosan) combined with a ballast (e.g. soil, clay) removes a cyanobacterial bloom out of the water column. In case the deep lake suffers from high internal load, a phosphate (P)-fixative (e.g. lanthanum modified bentonite or Al-salts) can be used to "Lock" the legacy P, possibly combined with a coagulanta "Floc and Lock" technique. The latter approach will target both the particulate P in a bloom and the internal P load. A shallow lake that suffers from summer blooms and in which the internal load is higher than the external load, a "Lock" strategy of winter application of a P-fixative is proposed to prevent bloom development. In shallow lakes with perennial blooms, an agent to damage the cells (such as H 2 O 2 ) is required together with a coagulant and a ballast to avoid recolonization of the water column due to resuspension -a "Kill, Floc and Sink/ Lock" method. The selection of the most promising in-lake measures and materials should be based on a proper system diagnosis and tests prior to a full-scale intervention. These methods can be effective, but evidently reduction of external nutrient loads, both from point-and non-pointed sources, is an absolute necessity to restore aquatic ecosystems in a holistic sense. recyclable sediment phosphorus (P) pool (Moss, 2010). The most notorious symptom of eutrophication is a massive proliferation of cyanobacteria (Paerl et al., 2011). Blooms of cyanobacteria are viewed problematic as they may produce nasty odours, cause fish kills due to hypoxia/anoxia, and may impair ecosystem services, such as drinking water production, irrigation, recreation, aquaculture and fisheries (Paerl and Paul, 2012). Eutrophication is expected to further increase in the upcoming decades because of human population growth, intensified

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Section: Geo-engineering Using Lmbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coagulation and precipitation of cyanobacterial blooms

Lürling

Kang

Mucci

et al. 2020

Ecological Engineering

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“…Indeed, the application of lanthanum-modified bentonite, commercially known as Phoslock ® , was able to reduce the P level (sometime transiently) and the bloom intensity in the water column [ 43 , 44 ]. However, reports have also demonstrated potentially serious consequences of the lanthanum level in plants, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish, a matter of serious concern [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: In-lake Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Outlook on Current and Emerging Mitigation and Control Approaches

Sukenik

2021

Microorganisms

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An intensification of toxic cyanobacteria blooms has occurred over the last three decades, severely affecting coastal and lake water quality in many parts of the world. Extensive research is being conducted in an attempt to gain a better understanding of the driving forces that alter the ecological balance in water bodies and of the biological role of the secondary metabolites, toxins included, produced by the cyanobacteria. In the long-term, such knowledge may help to develop the needed procedures to restore the phytoplankton community to the pre-toxic blooms era. In the short-term, the mission of the scientific community is to develop novel approaches to mitigate the blooms and thereby restore the ability of affected communities to enjoy coastal and lake waters. Here, we critically review some of the recently proposed, currently leading, and potentially emerging mitigation approaches in-lake novel methodologies and applications relevant to drinking-water treatment.

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“…Lanthanum is a member of the rare earth elements (REEs), a group of 17 transition metals sharing similar physical and chemical properties [1]. Lanthanum is the most abundant among REEs and has found many applications in several fields, including agriculture, water treatment, medicine, catalysis, and industry [2][3][4][5]. Despite being generally regarded as safe, comprehensive, definitive studies regarding its toxicity are still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%