Use of lignin separated from bio-oil in oriented strand board binder phenol-formaldehyde resins

Traditional lignin pyrolysis generates a bio-oil with a complex mixture of alkyl-functionalized guaiacol and syringol monomers that have limited utility to completely replace phenol in resins. In this work, formate assisted fast pyrolysis (FAsP) of lignin yielded a bio-oil consisting of alkylated phenol compounds, due to deoxyhydrogenation, that was used to synthesize phenol/formaldehyde resins. A solvent extraction method was developed to concentrate the phenolics in the extract to yield a phenol rich monomer mixture. Phenolic resins were synthesized using phenol (phenol resin), FAsP bio-oil (oil resin), and an extract mimic (mimic resin) that was prepared to resemble the extract after further purification. All three phenolic sources could synthesize novolac resins with reactive sites remaining for subsequent resin curing. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis of the three resins revealed similar thermal and decomposition behavior of phenol and the mimic resins, while the oil resin was less stable. Resins were cured with hexamethylenetetramine and the mimic resin demonstrated improved curing energies compared to the oil resin. The adhesive strength of the mimic resin was found to be superior to that of the oil resins. These results confirmed that extracting a mixture of substituted aromatics from FAsP bio-oil could synthesize resins with properties similar to those from phenol and improved over the parent bio-oil.

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Techno‐economic analysis of novolac resin production by partial substitution of petroleum‐derived phenol with bio‐oil phenol

Khanal

Manandhar

Adhikari

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Novolac resins are produced by reacting phenol and formaldehyde, which are both conventionally obtained from petroleum refining. However, phenolic compounds present in bio-oil obtained via fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to partially substitute petroleumderived phenol. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the techno-economic feasibility of producing novolac resin by partially substituting petroleum-derived phenol with biomass-based phenol in the U.S. The analysis was done at two different annual novolac resin production capacities of 25, 000 and 100, 000 t, respectively, representing the existing small-and large-scale resin production facilities in the U.S. Mass balance and energy analyses of the system were performed to estimate resources (equipment, raw materials, consumables, utilities, and labor) requirements, capital and operating costs, and the financial parameters, including the minimum selling price (MSP). The MSPs for biomass-based novolac resin for 25, 000

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Use of lignin separated from bio-oil in oriented strand board binder phenol-formaldehyde resins

Cited by 57 publications

References 4 publications

Biocomposites and Nanocomposites Containing Lignin

Biocomposites and Nanocomposites Containing Lignin

Renewably sourced phenolic resins from lignin bio‐oil

Techno‐economic analysis of novolac resin production by partial substitution of petroleum‐derived phenol with bio‐oil phenol

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