Use of line probe assays for the diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Hospital for respiratory diseases “St. Sofia”, Sofia, Bulgaria

Abstract

Mechanisms of baclofen action on masticitvMilanov IG. Mechanisms of baclofen action on spasticity. Acta Neurol Scand 1993: S5: 305-310. This investigation estimated the mechanisms of baclofen action on spasticity using a batter? of electromyographic methods. Thirty patients with old post-stroke spastic hemiparesis took part in the investigation. They were treated with baclofen-mean daily dose 54.3~11.6 mg for a mean of 26.3~4.9 days. A questionaire for assessment of subjective improvement after treatment used a 5-point scale. For standardization of the neurological examination 5-point scales were used to assess muscle tone, muscle force and tendon reflexes. A battery of electromyographic methods was used to analyse different mechanisms of spasticity: for alpha motoneurone activitythe F wave parameters; for gamma motoneurone activitythe T/H reflex amplitude ratio; for presynaptic inhibitionthe ratio of H reflex amplitudes before and after vibration on the achilles tendon (Hvibr./Hmax); for common interneurone activitythe flexor reflex parameters. Our results revealed that baclofen reduces spastically increased muscle tone and Babinski sign. It has no influence on muscle force, tendon reflexes and ankle clonus. Baclofen acts by normalizing the altered interneurone activity and decreasing of alpha motoneurone activity. When spasticity has altered interneurone activity and increased motoneurone activity, it is better to treat

Generalized Differentiability of Continuous Functions

“…Purely mathematically, the derivatives can be generalized in several ways. Derivatives can be defined in the usual way as limits of difference quotients on the accumulation sets of points [6], (Chaper 3,p. 105).…”