Use of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for quantitative analysis of clopyralid in compost and forage

Abstract

In this study, we first developed a technique to quantify clopyralid using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and tested its performance for compost and corn plant samples. Then, we measured the uptake of clopyralid by forage corn grown on two types of soil mixed with clopyralid‐contaminated compost, in order to investigate the potential of ingestion of compost clopyralid by animals through forage crops. Because of the high recovery ratios (80–82% for compost and 98% for corn), sufficient theoretical quantification limits (5.0 and 1.7 μg kg−1 fresh matter, respectively) and close agreement with the bioassay method (73 μg kg−1 for LC/MS/MS and 80 μg kg−1 for bioassay), the LC/MS/MS method was considered to be of potential value for determining clopyralid in compost and plant materials. Corn plants took up clopyralid from soil (compost), with the amount and rate of uptake varying with soil types and application of activated carbon to soil. There is a need for quantifying clopyralid uptake by a range of forage crops under a range of cultivation conditions (e.g. climate, soil, management) to estimate clopyralid fluxes through the manure–forage–animal–manure pathway.

Identification of mycotoxin‐producing Fusarium spp. isolated from corn and the changes in concentration of fumonisin during the cultivation period

“…domestic production) of livestock feed has received increased attention by the general public, government, farmers and scientists in Japan to counter the rise in grain prices and prevent importation of disease organisms and/or domestically non‐permitted agricultural chemicals as contaminants in imported feed (Uegaki et al . ; Urakawa ; Yoshida ). Corn ( Zea mays L.) is one of the most important feed crops in Japan because of its high levels of digestible nutrients, palatability to domestic animals and productivity per unit area of cultivation (Kobayashi ).…”

Droplets-based microextraction assisted SPME for GC-MS analysis of polar compounds such as clopyralid in water

“…The regulatory analytical methods for the determination of clopyralid from water samples, soil, and compost include gas chromatography (GC) [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and liquid chromatography (LC). [11][12][13][14][15] Since clopyralid has a carboxylic group, the GC analysis required also the derivatization of the analyte as methyl ester, 4,6 1-butyl ester, 3,5,7 pentauorobenzyl ester 8 or silyl derivatives. 10 LC could be an attractive method because no derivatization is required, but the sensitivity of the UV detector is not enough to detect and quantify clopyralid at trace levels in a quality control lab without a mass spectrometer.…”