Use of &lt;sup&gt;31&lt;/sup&gt;P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Study the Effect of Cortical Magnesium and Energy Metabolism after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Yang, Heping; Tang, Xiangqi; Tan, Lirong; Zeng, Lingyu; Hu, Zhiping

doi:10.1159/000147448

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Similar to the estimation of pH, local magnesium ion concentration can be inferred from the frequency of the b-ATP peaks, which may be of interest in conditions such as subarachnoid hemorrhage (Yang et al 2008). Not only must the motion be taken into account in some way (e.g., by gating acquisition to the cardiac cycle) but also the comparison of rest and exercise is complicated since the heart is always working to some degree.…”

Section: P-mrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals of MR Spectroscopy

McLean

2014

Comprehensive Biomedical Physics

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Section: P-mrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals of MR Spectroscopy

McLean

2014

Comprehensive Biomedical Physics

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“…Brain magnesium levels have now been shown to decline in a number of acute and chronic pathologies of the brain including traumatic brain injury [1], migraine [2], cocaine exposure [3], ethanol intoxication [4,5], stroke [6] and subarachnoid hemorrhage [7], with mounting evidence supporting similar declines in depression and neurodegeneration [8][9][10][11]. Accordingly, there has been a considerable research effort directed toward establishing the mechanisms of such decline and the potential for magnesium administration as a therapeutic intervention.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium in acute and chronic brain injury: an update

Vink

Cook²,

Heuvel³

2009

Magnesium Research

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While brain free magnesium levels have been shown to decline in a number of acute and chronic brain pathologies, the mechanisms of such decline and the potential for magnesium administration as a therapeutic intervention are still unclear. In acute brain injury, magnesium therapy has failed in recent clinical trials of trauma, presumably because of an intact blood brain barrier at the time of administration reducing central penetration. Under such conditions, magnesium's peripheral effects on cardiovascular parameters may dominate over the central, and potentially neuroprotective, effects of the compound. In contrast, magnesium has been demonstrated to be beneficial in lacunar strokes, albeit that recent animal studies indicate that this effect is without any significant reduction of lesion size. Postnatal magnesium has also been shown to improve neurological outcome in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia, although this may be limited to cases of mild to moderate brain injury; no effect is observed following severe brain injury. Prenatal magnesium has been reported to be beneficial for outcome in very preterm infants, although this may only be at low doses. Combination therapies are also showing promise in experimental studies, with combined magnesium and mild hypothermia as well as magnesium and polyethylene glycol proving effective in ischemic stroke and in spinal cord injury, respectively. With respect to chronic brain injury, recent results indicate that magnesium deficient mice are susceptible to developing Parkinson's disease, which is consistent with earlier findings that magnesium deficiency over a number of generations is associated with the development of Parkinson's disease. The latter was associated with the appearance of variants of the TRPM channels. Our recent studies have shown that Parkinson's disease is associated with reduced TRPM2 and TRPM7 channel mRNA expression. Taken together, a more complete picture is emerging of the role of magnesium in brain injury, its therapeutic potential as well the mechanisms associated with its decline.

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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Methods for the Assessment of Metabolic Functions in the Diseased Brain

Hall

Cuellar-Baena

Dahlberg

et al. 2011

Brain Imaging in Behavioral Neuroscience

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Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to detect and quantify multiple metabolites. This chapter will review some of the applications of MRS to the study of brain functions. Typically, (1)H-MRS can detect metabolites reflecting neuronal density and integrity, markers of energy metabolism or inflammation, as well as neurotransmitters. The complexity of the proton spectrum has however led to the development of other nuclei-based methods, such as (31)P- and (13)C-MRS, which offer a broader chemical shift range and therefore can provide more detailed information at the level of single metabolites. The versatility of MRS allows for a wide range of clinical applications, of which neurodegeneration is an interesting target for spectroscopy-based studies. In particular, MRS can identify patterns of altered brain chemistry in Alzheimer's patients and can help establish differential diagnosis in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Using MRS to follow less abundant neurotransmitters is currently out of reach and will most likely depend on the development of methods such as hyperpolarization that can increase the sensitivity of detection. In particular, dynamic nuclear polarization has opened up a new and exciting area of medical research, with developments that could greatly impact on the real-time monitoring of in vivo metabolic processes in the brain.

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Use of <sup>31</sup>P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Study the Effect of Cortical Magnesium and Energy Metabolism after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Fundamentals of MR Spectroscopy

Fundamentals of MR Spectroscopy

Magnesium in acute and chronic brain injury: an update

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Methods for the Assessment of Metabolic Functions in the Diseased Brain

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