Use of magnetic resonance imaging to assess soft tissue damage in the foot following penetrating injury in 3 horses

Kinns, J.; Mair, T. S.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3292.2005.tb00339.x

Cited by 30 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Penetrating foot trauma is often identified in conjunction with injury to other soft tissue structures such as the DDFT, navicular bursa, distal sesamoidean ligament or distal phalanx (Dyson et al . ; Kinns and Mair ; Dyson and Murray ). Magnetic resonance imaging has been shown to be an excellent modality for diagnosing penetrating foot injury in the horse (Boado et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Navicular bone osteomyelitis and navicular bursitis with associated fistula diagnosed with magnetic resonance fistulography in the horse

Garcia

Rademacher

McCauley

et al. 2013

Equine Veterinary Education

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A 7-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was referred for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging due to chronic left hindlimb lameness localised to the foot. On presentation, a previously undiagnosed draining tract was identified at the plantar aspect of the pastern. Radiographs revealed severe osteolysis of the navicular bone. Positive contrast MR fistulography was performed using a gadolinium based contrast agent following conventional MR imaging of the left hind foot. Fistulography allowed characterisation of a fistulous tract, which was closely associated with the deep digital flexor tendon, navicular bursa and osteomyelitis of the navicular bone. History and clinical findingsA 7-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was referred for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the left hind foot for the investigation of intermittent lameness of 3 months' duration. Recurrent subsolar and coronary band abscesses were diagnosed by the referring veterinarian. Treatment prior to referral included debridement of devitalised tissue from both the sole and coronary band, oral administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, oral administration of antibiotics, and administration of antibiotics by regional limb perfusion.At presentation, the horse was grade 4-5 out of 5 lame using the AAEP lameness scale on the left hindlimb (Anon 1999). A draining tract not previously reported by the referring veterinarian was identified at the plantar aspect of the pastern. A low 4-point nerve block and a dorsal ring block performed proximal to the metatarsophalangeal joint resulted in marked decrease in the degree of lameness. Imaging RadiographyRadiography of the left hind foot revealed severe navicular bone osteolysis of the distal half of the flexor cortex extending into the medullary cavity (Fig 1). Moderate concentric soft tissue swelling was evident from the metatarsophalangeal joint to the level of the coronary band. The findings were most consistent with infectious osteomyelitis. Magnetic resonance imagingThe horse was placed under general anaesthesia using a standard anaesthetic protocol. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed using a 1.5 T magnet (Echelon) 1 with the horse in left lateral recumbency. Sagittal proton density (PD) at 3 mm slice thickness, T2-weighted fast spin echo (T2W FSE) at 4 mm slice thickness, fast inversion recovery (FIR) at 4 mm slice thickness, transverse PD and T2W FSE both at 3 mm slice thickness, and a dorsal PD sequence at 3 mm slice thickness sequences were acquired from the tip of the foot to the midpoint of the proximal phalanx. A transverse 3D T2* sequence was acquired and reconstructed in 1 mm thick slices in the sagittal plane.The distal aspect of the navicular bone flexor cortex showed a large ill-defined zone of hyperintensity on PD, T2* and FIR sequences (Fig 2). Multifocal, 1-2 mm diameter Fig 1: Lateromedial radiograph of foot of left pelvic limb. The distal aspect of the flexor cortex is lytic and irregularly bordered with extension of lysis into the adjacent medullary region. The distal interphala...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnetic resonance imaging has been shown to be an excellent modality for diagnosing penetrating foot injury in the horse (Boado et al . ; Kinns and Mair ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navicular bone osteomyelitis and navicular bursitis with associated fistula diagnosed with magnetic resonance fistulography in the horse

Garcia

Rademacher

McCauley

et al. 2013

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…However, the potential for MRI to demonstrate pathology unrecognised with routine imaging has been demonstrated in multiple series (Boado et al . ; Kinns and Mair ; Urraca et al . ).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Penetrating injuries of the foot

Smith

2013

Equine Veterinary Education

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Penetrating injuries to the foot are potentially serious injuries in the horse. Diagnosis is usually straightforward and a combination of radiography (including positive contrast studies) and synoviocentesis usually is necessary to determine which structures within the foot are involved. Superficial punctures usually carry a good prognosis but involvement of deep structures such as the distal phalanx or deep digital flexor tendon and navicular bursa adversely influence this. Knowledge of wound healing in the foot and a rational approach to antimicrobial selection and surgical intervention are all necessary for successful case management.

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“…The movement correction software available is deemed rarely necessary in foot cases. Low field MRI scanners have a lower signal compared with high-field scanners, resulting in a lower image resolution, but the advantages of scanning the horse without the need for general anaesthesia outweighs these limitations (Kinns and Mair 2005). Low-field MRI has also been reported to be able to detect cartilage alterations in the distal interphalangeal joint (DIJ, Olive 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term radiographic and MRI follow-up of the distal interphalangeal joint after arthroscopic removal of large extensor process fragments

Heer¹,

Compagnie²,

Braake³

2015

PHK

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Summary: Large extensor process fragments, occupying more than 25 % of the joint surface of the distal interphalangeal joint, appear more often in Friesian horses. Arthroscopic removal of these large fragments has been described in a limited number of cases, but with a relatively good outcome. This study evaluates the long-term changes of the distal phalanx after arthroscopic removal of a large extensor process fragment using radiography and magnetic resonance imaging examination. Immediate post-operative and long-term follow-up (of more than five months) lateromedial radiographs after arthroscopic removal of large extensor process fragments of 11 operations on limbs in 10 horses were evaluated. The time between post-operative and follow-up measurements ranged from 5 to 45 months (mean 21±12 months). All 11 cases showed subchondral new bone formation with relative elongation of the articular surface of the distal phalanx ranging from 28 -92 % (mean 50 ± 20 %) as a percentage relative to the articular surface of the navicular bone. Long-term follow-up magnetic resonance imaging examinations, available in four cases out of a total of three well-recovered horses, were performed between 13 and 45 months post surgery (mean 25 ±12 months). Elongation of the articular surface of the distal phalanx by compact new bone formation in the subchondral region was visible in all four magnetic resonance imaging cases. In three cases, tissue compatible with spongious bone was present distal to the subchondral bone. This was lined distally by hypointense tissue, probably compact bone. Continuous to the articular cartilage, a layer of about the same thickness was present proximal to the subchondral new bone and the irregular tissue in the fragment bed with an intermediate signal on T1-weighted images. This study provides valuable information on the long-term adaptations of the distal phalanx following arthroscopic removal of large extensor process fragments.

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Use of magnetic resonance imaging to assess soft tissue damage in the foot following penetrating injury in 3 horses

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

Navicular bone osteomyelitis and navicular bursitis with associated fistula diagnosed with magnetic resonance fistulography in the horse

Navicular bone osteomyelitis and navicular bursitis with associated fistula diagnosed with magnetic resonance fistulography in the horse

Penetrating injuries of the foot

Long-term radiographic and MRI follow-up of the distal interphalangeal joint after arthroscopic removal of large extensor process fragments

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