Use of membrane filters and osmium tetroxide etching in the preparation of sperm for scanning electron microscopy

Horst, Gerhard van der; Kitchin, Robert M.; Curry, Patrick T.; Atherton, R. W.

doi:10.1002/jemt.1060120109

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…After fixation, tissue samples were dehydrated and dried; they were then coated with gold using a sputter coater (22). We examined three to four fields in each of three blocks taken from each animal.…”

Section: Surgical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Growth Restriction Has Long-Term Effects on Postnatal Lung Structure in Sheep

et al. 2004

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We have previously shown that fetal growth restriction (FGR) during late gestation in sheep affects lung development in the near-term fetus and at 8 wk after birth. In the present study, our aim was to determine the effects of FGR on the structure of the lungs at 2 y after birth; our hypothesis was that changes observed at 8 wk after birth would persist until maturity. FGR was induced in sheep by umbilicoplacental embolization, which was maintained from 120 d until delivery at term (approximately 147 d); birth weights of FGR lambs were 41% lower than in controls. At 2 y after birth, body and lung weights were not different, but there were 28% fewer alveoli and alveoli were significantly larger than in controls; hence there was a 10% reduction in the internal surface area relative to lung volume in FGR sheep compared with controls. The lungs of FGR sheep, compared with controls, had thicker interalveolar septa as a result of increased extracellular matrix deposition; the alveolar blood-air barrier was also thicker, largely because of an 82% increase in basement membrane thickness. These changes are qualitatively similar to those observed at 8 wk. Our data show that structural alterations in the lungs induced by FGR that were apparent at 8 wk were still evident at 2 y after birth, indicating that FGR may result in permanent changes in the structure of the lungs of the offspring and may affect respiratory health and lung aging later in life. Low birth weight as a result of FGR has been associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality during infancy (1, 2). It is likely that altered lung development may be a contributing factor as it has been shown that the risk of respiratory illness and the requirement for ventilatory support is increased in FGR infants (3, 4). Respiratory impairments may persist into later life because low birth weight children who were growth-restricted in utero (5, 6), as well as adults having low birth weights (7,8), have evidence of impaired lung function. At present, however, the structural basis for a relationship between FGR and later pulmonary dysfunction is poorly understood.The sheep is a suitable animal model in which to study the effects of FGR on lung development; it is a long-gestation species in which alveolar formation begins before birth (9), as in the human (10), and which reaches sexual maturity 6 mo after birth. Recently we found, in developing sheep, that fundamental aspects of respiratory function were impaired after FGR; FGR lambs were hypoxemic and hypercapnic soon after birth and had reduced pulmonary diffusing capacity and lung compliance up to 8 wk (11). In addition to these functional alterations, we found that FGR induced structural changes in lung parenchyma that were evident in the near-term fetus and became more pronounced at 8 wk after birth (12). In particular, the blood-air barrier and structure of interalveolar septa were affected after FGR. It is possible that structural

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Section: Surgical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Growth Restriction Has Long-Term Effects on Postnatal Lung Structure in Sheep

et al. 2004

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“…After ®xation of the samples for SEM, they were dehydrated and dried. 18 The dried specimens were coated with gold using a sputter coater, after which they were examined by SEM. 19 For morphometric analysis by light microscopy, sections (5 mm) were prepared from waxembedded tissue samples and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.…”

Section: Preparation Of Lung Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fetal growth restriction on lung development before and after birth: A morphometric analysis

Maritz

Cock

Louey

et al. 2001

Pediatric Pulmonology

106

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Our aim was to determine the effects of fetal growth restriction (FGR) during late gestation on the structure of the lungs in the fetus near term and at 8 weeks after birth. The studies were performed using two groups of pregnant sheep and their offspring. In both groups, FGR was induced by umbilico-placental embolisation (UPE); for fetal studies, UPE was performed from 120 days of gestation until 140 days (term, approximately 146 days), when fetuses were killed for tissue analysis. For postnatal studies, UPE continued from 120 days until delivery at term; postnatal lambs were killed at 8 weeks after birth for tissue analysis. UPE led to a thicker pulmonary blood-air barrier at 140 days of gestation and this difference, which was due to a thickened basement membrane, was still present at 8 weeks after birth. At 8 weeks, we also observed a smaller number of alveoli per respiratory unit, thicker interalveolar septa, and a greater volume density of lung tissue in FGR lambs compared to controls. These changes would be expected to impair gas exchange and alter the mechanical properties of the lungs. Our data show that structural alterations in the lungs induced by placental insufficiency were more evident at 8 weeks of postnatal age than near term, indicating that the effects of FGR on the lung may become more serious with age and may affect respiratory health later in life.

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“…Presently, reproductive physiology data from domestic ferrets are being used (or considered) in the captive breeding effort for black-footed ferrets [Carpenter and Hillman, 1978;Kitchin et al, 1988;Miller and Anderson, 1989;Curry et al, 1989;Howard et al, 1989;Wildt and Goodrowe, 1989;Van der Horst et al, 1989;Mead and Neirinckx, in press;Wildt et al, 19891. In this paper we evaluate the potential of domestic ferrets as a behavioral surrogate for reproductive research on black-footed ferrets. Although mating descriptions exist for domestic ferrets [Murr, 1934;Poole, 1966;Baum, 19761 and blackfooted ferrets [Hillman and Carpenter, 1983;Carpenter, 1985;DonCarlos et al, 1989;Miller and Anderson, in press], the two species have not been quantifiably analyzed and compared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of black‐footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) and domestic ferret (M. putorius furo) courtship activity

Miller¹

1990

Zoo Biology

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Because of the scarcity of the endangered black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) and the amount of knowledge necessary for their conservation, surrogate research can play an important role in recovery. In this paper, we investigate surrogate behavioral research potential by comparing courtship behavior of the black-footed ferret to the congeneric domestic ferret ( M . putorius furo). Ten female domestic ferrets were bred to five male domestic ferrets and eight female black-footed ferrets were bred to five black-footed ferret males. Courtship activities were defined, analyzed, and quantitatively compared between both groups. Lag sequential analysis was used to prepare the behavioral matrices, and matrix cells were compared between groups with an equality of proportions test. Courtship patterns did not differ significantly between the two closely related species, and the domestic ferret would probably be an adequate surrogate for reproductive behavior research on the black-footed ferret.

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Use of membrane filters and osmium tetroxide etching in the preparation of sperm for scanning electron microscopy

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Fetal Growth Restriction Has Long-Term Effects on Postnatal Lung Structure in Sheep

Fetal Growth Restriction Has Long-Term Effects on Postnatal Lung Structure in Sheep

Effects of fetal growth restriction on lung development before and after birth: A morphometric analysis

Comparison of black‐footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) and domestic ferret (M. putorius furo) courtship activity

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