Use of metabolic and molecular methods for the identification of a Bacillus strain isolated from paper affected by foxing

Abstract

Foxing of paper is a deterioration phenomenon occurring in the form of brown-yellowish spots, the abiotic and/or biotic causes of which are not yet completely understood. Nevertheless, microbiological infection has been recognized that may contribute to paper damage and therefore it becomes important to know the taxonomic position and the degradative activity of the potential infectious biological agents which mostly are fungi, but also bacteria and yeasts. A cellulolytic bacterial strain isolated from a foxed paper sample exhibited morphological and physiological characteristics of the Bacillus genus. To study its taxonomic position, different identification methods were used: the Biolog system, the direct amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction analysis (DAPD-PCR) and the partial sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene. Biolog system and partial sequencing of 16S rDNA gene assigned the strain to the Paenibacillus polymyxa species. DAPD-PCR analysis indicated a high similarity with Bacillus circulans, by comparing the isolated strain with some closely related Bacillus species.

Non-contiguous finished genome sequence and description of Bacillus massiliogorillae sp. nov.

“…Differences were also observed with B. circulans [26] in β-galactosidase production and the utilization of D-mannose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, mannitol, arabinose, xylose, glycerol and D-galactose (Table 2). …”

Characterization of Bacillus Strains Producing Biosurfactants

“…Taxonomic analysis of species of genus Bacillus carries some diffi culties (Guinebretiere et al 2001 ;De Paolis and Lippi 2008 ). They constitute closely related taxa, and their differentiation and identifi cation using one method is often impossible and requires the combination of biochemical, metabolic, and molecular methods (Ash et al 1993 ;Chun and Bae 2000 ;Guinebretiere et al 2001 ;Suihko et al 2004 ;Hutsebaut et al 2006 ;De Paolis and Lippi 2008 ;Płaza et al 2012 ).…”

“…They constitute closely related taxa, and their differentiation and identifi cation using one method is often impossible and requires the combination of biochemical, metabolic, and molecular methods (Ash et al 1993 ;Chun and Bae 2000 ;Guinebretiere et al 2001 ;Suihko et al 2004 ;Hutsebaut et al 2006 ;De Paolis and Lippi 2008 ;Płaza et al 2012 ). In our study, three methods were used to identify Bacillus strains: 16S rDNA sequencing, the Biolog system, and fatty acid analysis.…”

Contribution to the characterization of foxing stains on printed books using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectrometry

“…Other authors have detected the presence of bacteria in the foxing spots (De Paolis and Lippi, 2008). Indeed, even if molds are the most visible, bacteria, especially Bacillus, are common biocontaminants in paper industry and also in documents repositories (Borrego et al, 2012;Lavin et al, 2014).…”