Use of metal oxide semiconductor sensors to measure methane in aquatic ecosystems in the presence of cross‐interfering compounds

Abstract

Monitoring dissolved methane in aquatic ecosystems contributes significantly to advancing our understanding of the carbon cycle in these habitats and capturing their impact on methane emissions. Low‐cost metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) gas sensors are becoming an increasingly attractive tool to perform such measurements, especially at the air–water interface. However, the performance of MOS sensors in aquatic environmental sciences has come under scrutiny because of their cross‐sensitivity to temperature, moisture, and sulfide interference. In this study, we evaluated the performance and limitations of a MOS methane sensor when measuring dissolved methane in waters. A MOS sensor was encapsulated in a hydrophobic extended polytetrafluoroethylene membrane to impede contact with water but allow gas perfusion. Therefore, the membrane enabled us to submerge the sensor in water and overcome cross‐sensitivity to humidity. A simple portable, low‐energy, flow‐through cell system was assembled that included an encapsulated MOS sensor and a temperature sensor. Waters (with or without methane) were injected into the flow cell at a constant rate by a peristaltic pump. The signals from the two sensors were recorded continuously with a cost‐efficient microcontroller. Tests specifically focused on the effect of water temperature and sulfide interference on sensor performance. Our experiments revealed that the lower limit of the sensor was in the range of 0.1–0.2 μmol L−1 and that it provided a stable response at water temperatures in the range of 18.5–28°C. Dissolved sulfide at a concentration of 0.4 mmol L−1 or higher interfered with the sensor response, especially at low methane concentrations (0.5 μmol L−1 or lower). However, we show that if dissolved sulfide is monitored, its interference can be alleviated.

Application of Semiconductor Metal Oxide in Chemiresistive Methane Gas Sensor: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives

“…Recently, Butturini and Fonollosa [ 124 ] reported a low-cost metal oxide semiconductor sensor system for measuring methane concentrations in aquatic ecosystems. The experimental setup included a flow-through configuration with a peristaltic pump controlling the sample flow rate.…”

Determining methane mole fraction at a landfill site using the Figaro Taguchi gas sensor 2611-C00 and wind direction measurements

“…19 Many previous TGS 2611-E00 studies have attempted to measure [CH 4 ] by devising various algorithms based on TGS resistance and environmental measurements. 31,34,[41][42][43] On the other hand, the TGS 2611-C00 has featured in fewer CH 4 studies but has delivered promising results, with [CH 4 ] exhibiting a clear correlation against TGS resistance. 19,29,44,45 Elsewhere, the TGS 2602 is not marketed as a CH 4 sensor and is instead designed to detect odorous species including hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) and ammonia, though it is also sensitive to hydrogen, ethanol and other volatile organic compounds.…”