Use of Metallized Raw Materials in Electric Furnace Steelmaking

Kerimov, R. I.; Шахов, С. И.

doi:10.1007/s11015-020-00974-1

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A considerable challenge in this context is that the use of higher scrap levels may result in the introduction of undesirable impurity levels into the steel. − This leads to the question of how to remove or tolerate the multiple impurity elements that enter the steels from scrap. Some elements intruding from scrap are particularly harmful (such as Cu, Pb, Sn and Zn), potentially affecting the performance of advanced high-strength steels in the future …”

Section: Element- and Alloy-specific Direct Sustainability Topicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys

Raabe

2023

Chem. Rev.

135

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Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes of by-products every year. Therefore, metals must become more sustainable. A circular economy model does not work, because market demand exceeds the available scrap currently by about two-thirds. Even under optimal conditions, at least one-third of the metals will also in the future come from primary production, creating huge emissions. Although the influence of metals on global warming has been discussed with respect to mitigation strategies and socio-economic factors, the fundamental materials science to make the metallurgical sector more sustainable has been less addressed. This may be attributed to the fact that the field of sustainable metals describes a global challenge, but not yet a homogeneous research field. However, the sheer magnitude of this challenge and its huge environmental effects, caused by more than 2 billion tonnes of metals produced every year, make its sustainability an essential research topic not only from a technological point of view but also from a basic materials research perspective. Therefore, this paper aims to identify and discuss the most pressing scientific bottleneck questions and key mechanisms, considering metal synthesis from primary (minerals), secondary (scrap), and tertiary (re-mined) sources as well as the energy-intensive downstream processing. Focus is placed on materials science aspects, particularly on those that help reduce CO2 emissions, and less on process engineering or economy. The paper does not describe the devastating influence of metal-related greenhouse gas emissions on climate, but scientific approaches how to solve this problem, through research that can render metallurgy fossil-free. The content is considering only direct measures to metallurgical sustainability (production) and not indirect measures that materials leverage through their properties (strength, weight, longevity, functionality).

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Section: Element- and Alloy-specific Direct Sustainability Topicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys

Raabe

2023

Chem. Rev.

135

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“…The present study suggests intermittent feeding of scrap as one of the ways to effectively utilize the overall excess heat. In the recent research on "Use of Metallized Raw Materials in Electric Furnace Steelmaking", 44) the possibility of using a bunker feeding system was discussed as one of the ways for continuous feeding of scrap into the converter. Since overall excess heat is available during the middle of the blow, the authors would like to suggest the intermittent feeding of scrap through a bunker feeding system as an idea to effectively utilize the overall excess heat in the BOF converter.…”

Section: Intermittent Feeding Of Scrap During the Blowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Evaluation of Heat Flow in Oxygen Steelmaking

et al. 2022

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Dynamic models for a BOF (Basic oxygen furnace) process have been developed to quantitatively capture the variation in refining kinetics and heat flow during the blowing period. Previous studies have developed extensive models to understand the kinetics and reaction mechanisms for a BOF process. The understanding of heat flow during the refining period helps in optimizing the process interms of energy consumption and minimizing the overall excess heat (heat losses). The present work aims to develop an approach that will capture the heat flow during the blowing period once the refining profiles are known. In the present calculation the instantaneous heats were calculated based on the refining profiles from Cicutti et al. 1) industrial trial and Imphos pilot plant data.2) The developed model reveals different possibilities for process optimization by identifying the periods of overall excess energy formation. It was observed by compiling Cicutti's data that an average of 7.5 MJ/min/t of hot metal excess heat is generated during the blowing period spanning from 6 to 14 minutes. Moreover, the present study demonstrates that the parameters such as scrap quantity, flux added, and oxygen flowrate can play a vital role in optimizing the process in terms of the utilization of the overall excess energy during the refining period.

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“…Nowadays, the electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking has been widely adopted for steel production on a worldwide scale and demonstrates great potential for development because EAF steelmaking can produce steel products flexibly with lower CO 2 emissions, which is very helpful in promoting recycling and utilization of scrap resources [1][2][3]. Recently in China, a large number of EAFs have been newly built, including ordinary AC EAF, Consteel EAF, EAF Quantum and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Study on Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking with Submerged Carbon Powder Injection with CO2-O2 Mixed Gas

Li,

Wei,

Han

2023

Metals

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The technology of submerged carbon powder injection with CO2 and O2 mixed gas (SCPI-COMG) is a new type of powder injection technology. It can increase the molten bath carbon content and improve the molten steel quality by injecting carbon powder directly into the molten steel with CO2 and O2 mixed gas. To optimize the process parameters of this novel technology, the mechanism of this technology and the effect of SCPI-COMG on EAF steelmaking were investigated in this study. Based on an induction furnace experiment, the effects of molten bath carburization and fluid flow on the scrap melting were analyzed. A mathematical model of the axis of gas jets in liquid steel was built to analyze the impact behaviors of gas jets in liquid steel. Based on the results of this theoretical model, for a gas jet in liquid steel, with α ≥ 20°, the horizontal inject distance decreases with α increasing and with 0° ≤ α ≤ 20°, the horizontal inject distance increases with α increasing. Finally, based on the newly built materials and energy balance model of EAF steelmaking with SCPI-COMG, the influences of the gas-solid parameters on the EAF steelmaking technical indexes were also analyzed.is very useful for optimizing the process parameters of EAF steelmaking with SCPI-COMG. The results of this study are very useful to optimize the process parameters of EAF steelmaking with SCPI-COMG of Gas Jet in Liquid Steel.

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Use of Metallized Raw Materials in Electric Furnace Steelmaking

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys

The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys

Analytical Evaluation of Heat Flow in Oxygen Steelmaking

Fundamental Study on Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking with Submerged Carbon Powder Injection with CO2-O2 Mixed Gas

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