Use of Modified Food Starches in Infant Nutrition

Lebenthal, Emanuel

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1978.02120340026003

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Although deficient in α‐amylase, maltase and isomaltase, infants can digest starch directly to glucose with glucoamylase, which is present at 50% of the adult level activity in the infant intestinal mucosa (30,31). Modified starches are used as additives to strained baby foods, in which they may provide up to 30% of the energy present in these products (32). However, the effect of gastroenteritis on the hydrolytic capacity of the small intestine for modified starch remains to be evaluated experimentally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proabsorptive Effects of Modified Tapioca Starch as an Additive of Oral Rehydration Solutions

Wapnir,

Wingertzahn,

Moyse

et al. 1998

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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Background:Partially hydrolyzed starches from staple cereals, obtained by heat or by enzymatic treatment, are often used in the formulation of homemade or extemporaneously used oral rehydration solutions used in developing countries. Conflicting or anecdotal results obtained thus far could be clarified with a standardized preparation tested under well‐controlled laboratory conditions.Methods:A modified commercial tapioca starch was tested. Textra (National Starch and Chemical Co. Bridgewater, NJ, U.S.A.) added at 0, 5 or 10 g/l to an oral rehydration solution with 90 mM sodium and 111 mM glucose, in 30 rats malnourished by a protein‐deficient diet for 3 weeks and in 26 well‐fed control animals, using a one‐pass jejunal perfusion.Results:In protein‐deficient rats, Textra stimulated sodium absorption at 5 and 10 g/l (mean ± SEM); 0 g/l Textra: 160 ± 13 nmol/min × cm; 5 g/l Textra: 406 ± 31 (p < 0.0001); and 10 g/l Textra 230 ± 27 (p < 0.02). Potassium absorption was comparably increased. Textra also improved net water absorption and the water influx:efflux ratio. Glucose absorption was increased only at 10 g/l Textra. In control rats, Textra improved sodium and net water absorption at 5 g/l, but not at 10 g/l Textra; but the influx:efflux ratio and potassium absorption were unaltered.Conclusions:These data, obtained in normal and protein‐deficient rats, support the view that modified starch is a potentially useful, energy‐rich additive for oral rehydration solution, which does not introduce an osmotic penalty.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proabsorptive Effects of Modified Tapioca Starch as an Additive of Oral Rehydration Solutions

Wapnir,

Wingertzahn,

Moyse

et al. 1998

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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“…The pH was measured hourly with a glass electrode. For selection of the appropriate pHs, we adapted the data from a study of postprandial [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] iLl aliquot of sample to be tested change the pH of the assay system significantly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many infants, particularly those who have increased caloric demands, receive glucose polymers and starch very early in life, from infant formulas and beikost respectively. The amount of complex carbohydrate that is digested, absorbed, and utilized by young infants is unknown (13); the nutritionally comprised infant, who is most likely to receive diets containing starches and polymers of glucose, seems to be most at risk of developing carbohydrate malabsorption (8,18).…”

Section: Speculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammary Amylase: a Possible Alternate Pathway of Carbohydrate Digestion in Infancy

et al. 1983

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“…The role of salivary amylase in the digestion of starch and glucose polymers has been a subject of controversy (12,15). There have been reports demonstrating the presence of salivary amylase in duodenal fluid by duodenal intubation (26,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amylase in the Saliva and in the Gastric Aspirates of Premature Infants: Its Potential Role in Glucose Polymer Hydrolysis

et al. 1983

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SummaryAmylase activity was found in saliva from 13 infants, 26-42 wk corrected gestational age. The levels of salivary amylase activity increased with advancing age. In 10 infants, 31-38 wk corrected gestational age (estimated gestational age in wk plus age in wk after birth), gastric aspirates collected before a feeding and sequentially at 30-min intervals after two consecutive feedi n g~ were analyzed for amylase activity and pH. Two different postprandial patterns were obtained. For six of the 10 infants, both the pH and amylase activities of their gastric aspirates showed a distinct maxima at about 60 min after a feeding and a minima at 180 min just before the second feeding. In the remaining four infants, the pHs of their gastric aspirates remained relatively high (5.0-6.0) for the entire postprandial period. In these infants, there was a persistently high level of the amylase activity. In all 10 infants, amylase activity was found in their gastric aspirate samples when the pH was above 3.0. Comparison of the amylase in the gastric aspirate with purified pancreatic and salivary amylases by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the amylase in the gastric aspirate has an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of salivary amylase, which suggests a salivary origin. This study supports the possibility that salivary amylase could enter the stomach and retain a significant amount of its activity in premature infants.Starch and glucose polymers are given in some formulas to infants very early in life to accommodate the increased caloric demands. Clinical intolerance to glucose polymers has not been examined sufficiently. Pancreatic amylase is the key enzyme in hydrolysis of glucose polymers. Recognition of intolerance to glucose polymers has been rare in spite of the lack of pancreatic amylase in the duodenal fluids of young infants. In part, this can be due to the existence of alternate pathways with auxiliary enzymes for the hydrolysis of glucose polymers during the physiologic deficiency of pancreatic amylase. The auxiliary enzymes include: salivary amylase, small intestinal brush border glucoamylase and mammary amylase in the breast-fed infant. We have shown that glucoamylase reaches levels similar to those of older children at 1 month of age (13). Two studies have noted the presence of a-amylase in preterm and in term human milk. The ability of milk amylase to survive the gastric environment has been examined and its physiologic importance in the young infant discussed ( 1 1, 16). Recently, we also reported an investigation on the possible role of ingested mammary amylase in the hydrolysis of glucose polymers (1 0). Salivary amylase has been shown to be present in infancy and to reach adult levels much earlier than pancreatic amylase (I, 4, 5, 15, 2 1, 28). The level of salivary amylase in premature infants is however not known. In this study we determined whether the salivary amylase was present and active in gastric fluids during feeding. MATERIALS AND METHODSSubjects. The group of prematures inc...

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Use of Modified Food Starches in Infant Nutrition

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Proabsorptive Effects of Modified Tapioca Starch as an Additive of Oral Rehydration Solutions

Proabsorptive Effects of Modified Tapioca Starch as an Additive of Oral Rehydration Solutions

Mammary Amylase: a Possible Alternate Pathway of Carbohydrate Digestion in Infancy

Amylase in the Saliva and in the Gastric Aspirates of Premature Infants: Its Potential Role in Glucose Polymer Hydrolysis

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