Use of Molecular Epidemiology in Veterinary Practice

Zadoks, Ruth N.; Schukken, Y.H.

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2005.11.005

Cited by 47 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 114 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…In this paper, the terms "isolate" and "strain" are used in accordance with international standard definitions, as summarized by Zadoks and Schukken (22). The term "isolate" is used for a population of bacterial cells in pure culture derived from a single colony on an isolation plate and identified to the species level.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strain typing of bacterial isolates is widely used to identify sources of infection or contamination, to elucidate routes of transmission, or to show persistence of bacterial strains within hosts or environments (13,22). The identification of sources of contamination is necessary to design intervention strategies aimed at reducing the risk of contamination (3,6,11).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Assessing Genetic Heterogeneity within Bacterial Species Isolated from Gastrointestinal and Environmental Samples: How Many Isolates Does It Take?

Döpfer

Buist

Soyer

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Strain typing of bacterial isolates is increasingly used to identify sources of infection or product contamination and to elucidate routes of transmission of pathogens or spoilage organisms. Usually, the number of bacterial isolates belonging to the same species that is analyzed per sample is determined by convention, convenience, laboratory capacity, or financial resources. Statistical considerations and knowledge of the heterogeneity of bacterial populations in various sources can be used to determine the number of isolates per sample that is actually needed to address specific research questions. We present data for intestinal Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus uberis from gastrointestinal, fecal, or soil samples characterized by ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and PCR-based strain-typing methods. In contrast to previous studies, all calculations were performed with a single computer program, employing software that is freely available and with in-depth explanation of the choice and derivation of prior distributions. Also, some of the model assumptions were relaxed to allow analysis of the special case of two (groups of) strains that are observed with different probabilities. Sample size calculations, with a Bayesian method of inference, show that from 2 to 20 isolates per sample need to be characterized to detect all strains that are present in a sample with 95% certainty. Such high numbers of isolates per sample are rarely typed in real life due to financial or logistic constraints. This implies that investigators are not gaining maximal information on strain heterogeneity and that sources and transmission pathways may go undetected.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Genetic Heterogeneity within Bacterial Species Isolated from Gastrointestinal and Environmental Samples: How Many Isolates Does It Take?

Döpfer

Buist

Soyer

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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show abstract

“…The usage of molecular diagnostic tools in pathogen finding has advanced over the last years. PCR-based techniques have been defined for a number of mastitis pathogens [103]. Newly, multiplex PCR devices have been developed to detect quite a lot of pathogens at the same time [104].…”

Section: Mastitis Diagnostic Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Mastitis and Its Therapeutic Strategy Doing Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Mk¹

2017

Austin J Vet Sci & Anim Husb

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Mastitis is one of the most costly devastating diseases in the dairy industry. Bovine mastitis can be classified as clinical or subclinical based on clinical features of the disease. Subclinical mastitis occurrence is more prominent compared to clinical form and its prevalence is more than 20 to 50% of cows in given herds. Both forms cause substantial financial losses due to reduced milk yield, degraded milk quality, drug costs and veterinary expenses, early culling of cows and increased labour costs for the farmers. The chief causal organisms of mastitis are cell-walled bacteria, even though mycoplasma, algae and yeast have also been identified to cause mastitis. Numerous influencing factors like physiological, pathological, environmental or genetic factors may contribute to the occurrence of mastitis in dairy cattle. Presently, different types of antibiotics are prescribed for the treatment of mastitis. However, therapeutic success rate of mastitis is generally poor because of pathological changes in the udder parenchyma, mastitogenic bacterial and related factors, indiscriminate use of antibiotics and poor animal husbandry practices. These evidences focus the necessity for discovering completely newer strategies for treatment of mastitis. This review will highlight the key etiological agents and factors affecting the manifestation of mastitis, and the recent advancement of therapeutic strategies including application of antibiotic-based therapies by doing antibiotic sensitivity test as a prospective approach to prevent and control mastitis in dairy herds.

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“…In these cases, conclusions can be drawn only from a comparison of the prevaccination and breakthrough strains. Molecular epidemiology methods proved very useful in such investigations (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Fingerprinting Analysis of Breakthrough Outbreaks in Vaccine-Protected Poultry Stocks

Kardos

Turcsányi²,

Bistyák³

et al. 2007

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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We report recurrent outbreaks of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis conjunctivitis in ducks and of fowl cholera in geese, occurring in stocks previously vaccinated with inactivated autogenous vaccines. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-based PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicated reinfection with a new Y. pseudotuberculosis strain and vaccine evasion by the same Pasteurella multocida strain.

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Use of Molecular Epidemiology in Veterinary Practice

Cited by 47 publications

References 114 publications

Assessing Genetic Heterogeneity within Bacterial Species Isolated from Gastrointestinal and Environmental Samples: How Many Isolates Does It Take?

Assessing Genetic Heterogeneity within Bacterial Species Isolated from Gastrointestinal and Environmental Samples: How Many Isolates Does It Take?

Bovine Mastitis and Its Therapeutic Strategy Doing Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

DNA Fingerprinting Analysis of Breakthrough Outbreaks in Vaccine-Protected Poultry Stocks

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