Use of molecular markers for the detection of municipal sewage sludge at sea

Eganhouse, Robert P.; Olaguer, Deanna P.; Gould, Benson R.; Phinney, Curtis S

doi:10.1016/0141-1136(88)90358-3

Cited by 65 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…LABs have been shown in a number of studies to be present in the waters and sediments of sewage receiving water, in New York/New Jersey (Eganhouse et al 1988), in southern California (Eganhouse et al 1983a), in Tokyo Bay and its rivers (Takada & Ishiwatari 1987), and in Port Philip Bay (Murray et al 1987). The profiles of the LABs in these studies have shown that, although the total LAB content is relatively consistent with respect to time and distance from source, the individual LABs are somewhat modified.…”

Section: Presence Infaeces Effluents and Contaminated Watermentioning

confidence: 86%

Distinguishing human from animal faecal contamination in water: A review

Sinton¹,

Finlay²,

Hannah³

1998

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

159

125

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Management of faecal contamination of water would be improved if sources could be accurately identified through water analysis. Human faeces are generally perceived as constituting a greater human health risk than animal faeces, but reliable epidemiological evidence is lacking. United States waterborne disease data suggest that humanspecific enteric viruses account for over half the documented outbreaks. However, in New Zealand, where there is a high grazing animal:human ratio (increasing the relative importance of watertransmissible zoonoses), it seems prudent to assume that human and animal faecal pollution both constitute a risk to human health. Irrespective of the relative risks, the ability to identify sources would assist in overall management of microbial water quality. Faecal streptococci do not appear to provide reliable faecal source identification. Human and animal sources, respectively, maybe distinguishable by two tests on Bifidobacterium spp.-growth at 45°C in trypticase phytone yeast broth and sorbitol fermentation. Different species of Bacteroides tend to be present in humans and animals, but poor survival in water is a problem. Phages of the M97014

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Section: Presence Infaeces Effluents and Contaminated Watermentioning

confidence: 86%

Distinguishing human from animal faecal contamination in water: A review

Sinton¹,

Finlay²,

Hannah³

1998

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

159

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For example, linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) have been used in the synthesis of laundry detergents since the 1960s. The unreacted residual LABs are discharged to coastal areas almost exclusively from sewage outfalls and are considered reliable sewage tracers (Eganhouse et al, 1983;Eganhouse et al, 1988;Eganhouse and Pontolillo, 2008). Coprostanol (5b-cholestan-3b-ol) is another well-known sewage marker formed from the enteric reduction of cholesterol which is a major sterol in mammalian feces and discharged into the coastal environment via municipal wastewater outfalls (i.e., Takada and Eganhouse, 1998;Venkatesan and Kaplan, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace organic contaminants and their sources in surface sediments of Santa Monica Bay, California, USA

Venkatesan

Merino

Baek

et al. 2010

Marine Environmental Research

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International audienceSpatial distribution of selected contaminants in the surface sediments of Santa Monica Bay (SMB), California was investigated. Sediments were analyzed for DDTs (DDT and metabolites), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) and coprostanol. Effluent samples from the Hyperion Treatment Plant (HTP), which discharges treated municipal wastewater effluents into SMB, were also analyzed. The inter-correlation in the distribution trends of contaminants was examined. The concentrations of contaminants were interpolated in a geographic information system to visualize their spatial distribution in the Bay. Inventories of the contaminants were also estimated

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“…To overcome these limitations, several biologically-derived, low-molecular-weight organic substances present in human and animal wastes have been proposed as chemical biomarkers of fecal contamination. The use of chemical biomarkers, in particular fecal sterols (5β-stanols) and bile acids, is an approach that can help to detect the presence of fecal pollution and distinguish between sources of fecal pollution (Eganhouse et al 1988;Leeming et al 1996;Elhmmali et al 1997Elhmmali et al , 2000Bull et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Sterol and Bile Acid Biomarkers to Identify Domesticated Animal Sources of Fecal Pollution

Tyagi

Edwards

Coyne

2007

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The objective of this study was to demonstrate the use of chemical biomarkers (fecal sterols and bile acids) to identify selected sources of fecal pollution in the environment. Fecal sterols and bile acids were determined for pig, horse, cow, and chicken feces. Ten to twenty-six fresh fecal samples were collected for each animal, and the concentrations of fecal sterols (coprostanol, epicoprostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, stigmastanol, and stigmasterol) and bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid) were determined using a gas chromatography and mass spectrometer (GC-MS) technique. Correlation study was performed among sterol and bile acid variables for selected animals, and a ratio (cholesterol + epicoprostanol)/(deoxycholic acid + chenodeoxycholic acid + hyodeoxycholic acid) has been proposed as an indicator for assessing fecal input. The levels of (cholesterol + epicoprostanol)/(deoxycholic acid + chenodeoxycholic acid + hyodeoxycholic acid) in horse, cow, chicken and pig were observed 3.258±1.191, 1.921±1.006, 1.013± 0.726, and 0.205±0.119 respectively and the ratio of horse: cow: chicken: pig was 16: 9: 5: 1. This ratio suggests the potential of sterol and bile acid biomarkers in identifying sources and occurrence of fecal matter. While additional work using polluted water (as opposed to fresh fecal samples) as well as multiple pollution sources are needed to investigate the transport of these biomarkers into water bodies.

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Use of molecular markers for the detection of municipal sewage sludge at sea

Cited by 65 publications

References 30 publications

Distinguishing human from animal faecal contamination in water: A review

Distinguishing human from animal faecal contamination in water: A review

Trace organic contaminants and their sources in surface sediments of Santa Monica Bay, California, USA

Use of Sterol and Bile Acid Biomarkers to Identify Domesticated Animal Sources of Fecal Pollution

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