Use of monoclonal antibodies for the histopathological diagnosis of human malignancy

Gatter, K C; Abdulaziz, Z.; Beverley, Peter C. L.; Corvalan, J.R.F.; Ford, C. H. J.; Lane, E. Birgitte; Mota, Mário Rogério Lima; Nash, Jennifer; Pulford, Karen; Stein, H.; Taylor‐Papadimitriou, Joyce; Woodhouse, Clive S.; Mason, D. Y.

doi:10.1136/jcp.35.11.1253

Cited by 237 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…29 As not all histiocytes necessarily stain with CD45, however, the relevance of this criterion has been debated. 74 While CD45 immunoreactivity may not be an absolute requirement with the aid of additional supportive studies such as electron microscopy, 42 differentiation from malignant fibrous histiocytoma (undifferentiated sarcoma) may be extremely difficult. These tumors are believed to arise from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells rather than histiocytes, and typically show pleomorphic and storiform growth patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histiocytic sarcoma: a study of five cases including the histiocyte marker CD163

et al. 2005

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histiocytic sarcoma: a study of five cases including the histiocyte marker CD163

et al. 2005

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These antibodies were derived from the Third and Fourth Workshops on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens (Hogg & Horton, 1987;Knapp et al, 1989). Immunohistochemistry was performed using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique (Gatter et al, 1984).Preparation of isolated macrophages and macrophage polykaryons The remainder of the tissue was placed in normal saline and then transferred to Hanks BSS (Gibco). The tumour was cut into small pieces, digested for 2 h in Hanks containing 10 mg ml-' collagenase type II (Sigma).…”

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confidence: 99%

Bone resorption by macrophage polykaryons of giant cell tumour of tendon sheath

Athanasou

Quinn²,

Ferguson³

et al. 1991

Br J Cancer

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Summary The antigenic phenotype, ultrastructure and bone resorbing ability of mononuclear and multinucleated giant cells of four giant cell tumour of tendon sheath (GCTTS) lesions was assessed. Both the giant cells and the mononuclear cells exhibted the antigenic phenotype of cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The giant cells, unlike osteoclasts, did not respond morphologically to calcitonin and showed ultrastructural and immunophenotypic features of macrophage polykaryons. However (Wood et al., 1988), and do not support the concept that the lesion is a form of xanthoma or benign fibrous histiocytoma (Rosai, 1981).There have been several recent studies on the nature of giant cells in giant cell lesions of bone and soft tissue which have used bone resorption as an operational or functional criterion to determine whether tumour-associated giant cells present in a pathological lesion are osteoclasts (Athanasou et al., 1983;Flanagan & Chambers, 1988;Flanagan & Chambers, 1989 Materials and methodsBovine parathyroid hormone (PTH) (2,500 U mg ')was provided by Dr J. Zanelli (National Institute for Biological Standards, London, UK) and dissolved (230 IU ml-') in 1 ml 0.001 % acetic acid in distilled water containing 1 mg ml1' of bovine serum albumin (Sigma, UK) (BSA). Salmon calcitonin (CT) was donated by Armour Pharmaceuticals, Eastbourne, UK (4,450 IU mg-1) and dissolved (1 mg ml') in 0.05% NaCl and 0.2% sodium acetate in distilled water containing 1 mg ml-' of BSA. Prostaglandin E2 (Sigma) (PGE2) was dissolved (10-2 M) in alcohol. 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1, was donated by Roche products (Welwyn Garden City, UK) and dissolved (10-2 M) in alcohol. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) was kindly provided by Dr J. Saklatvala and dissolved (200 ng ml-') in RPMI.Four GCTTS lesions were examined. These were from the left index finger of a 37 year old female, the right index finger of a 58 year old male and the right and left middle fingers of a 45 year old male. In all cases, part of the lesion was fixed in formalin and processed routinely. For transmission electron microscopy, tiny samples of tissue were fixed in 4%phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde for 6 h, then post-fixed_in 2% buffered osmium tetroxide for 2 h. Tissue was dehydrated in graded alcohol, treated with propylene oxide and embedded in epoxy resin (EMix). Thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined in a Jeol 100 CX electron microscope. Samples of the tumour were also snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and then stored at -220C for cytostate sectioning. Several antigenic determinants were sought in cryostat sections of the lesions after the application of monoclonal antibodies listed in Table I. These antibodies were derived from the Third and Fourth Workshops on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens (Hogg & Horton, 1987;Knapp et al., 1989). Immunohistochemistry was performed using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique (Gatter et al., 1984).Preparation of isolated macrophages and macrophage polykaryons The remainder of the tissue was...

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“…Table I. Immunohistochemistry was performed by immunoperoxidase or alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) procedures as previously described (Gatter et al, 1984). Cryostat sections were also stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase using the method described by Evans et al (1979).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin and nature of stromal osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells in breast carcinoma: implications for tumour osteolysis and macrophage biology

Athanasou

Wells²,

Quinn³

et al. 1989

Br J Cancer

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(Fry, 1927;Agnantis & Rosen, 1978;Factor et al., 1977;Holland & van Haelst, 1984;Nielsen & Kiaer, 1985;Tavassoli & Norris, 1986) and tumours in other extraskeletal sites (Andreev et al., 1964;Dorney, 1967;Nishiyama et al., 1972; EshunWilson, 1973;Balogh et al., 1985; Berendt et al., 1985). The origin and nature of these cells and their relationship to osteoclasts and macrophage polykaryons is unknown. They are present in the tumour stroma and are generally thought to represent part of the host reponse to the tumour rather than a type of tumour cell. However, their precise function and pathological significance is yet to be determined.In this study, we have examined the ultrastructure and antigenic phenotype of osteoclast-like stromal multinucleate giant cells (OMGCs) in a case of breast carcinoma. We have employed a wide range of monoclonal antibodies of defined specificity in order to clarify the relationship between OMGCs, tumour cells, the osteoclast and other cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. In addition, we have functionally assessed whether OMGCs behaved like osteoclasts by observing their response to calcitonin and their ability to resorb bone in the presence and absence of known hormonal factors influencing bone resorption. Our findings have implications for macrophage biology and tumour associated osteolysis. Materials and methodsBovine parathyroid hormone (PTH) (2,500 U mg-1) was provided by Dr J. Zanelli (National Institute for Biological Standards, London, UK) and dissolved (230 IU ml-1) in 1 ml 0.001 % acetic acid in distilled water containing 1 mg ml-I of bovine serum albumin (Sigma, UK) (BSA (Welwyn Garden City, UK) and dissolved in alcohol. Tissue culture medium used throughout was Eagles Minimal Essential Medium (Flow, UK), supplemented with benzyl penicillin 100 IU ml-1 (Glaxo, UK) and streptomycin 100 pg ml-1 (Glaxo) (MEM); this was used alone for cell isolation and supplemented with 10% heat inactivated FCS (Gibco, UK) (MEM/FCS) for subsequent incubations.Blocks of cortical bone were obtained at necropsy from the femoral midshaft of patients who had died without evidence of bone disease. These were cleaned of adherent soft tissues then cut longitudinally into bone slices (5 x 3 x 0.3 mm approx) with a low-speed bone saw using a diamond wheel (Buehler Isomet, IL). The bone slices were ultrasonicated for 15min in sterile distilled water, washed in acetone and ethanol then stored dry at room temperature.Anorganic bone slices were prepared by placing bone slices in 5 ml of hot (55°C) 1,2 ethanediamine (Hydrazine) (Eastman, UK). The solution was changed after one hour and the bone slices then kept in hot hydrazine overnight (Termine et al., 1973). The bone slices were washed several times in alcohol then left overnight in alcohol. They were then washed in distilled water, dried and transferred to a sterile petri dish and kept at room temperature until used.Patient details A 45-year-old woman had noted a lump in the upper outer quadrant of her left breast which had recently increased in s...

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Use of monoclonal antibodies for the histopathological diagnosis of human malignancy

Cited by 237 publications

References 28 publications

Histiocytic sarcoma: a study of five cases including the histiocyte marker CD163

Histiocytic sarcoma: a study of five cases including the histiocyte marker CD163

Bone resorption by macrophage polykaryons of giant cell tumour of tendon sheath

The origin and nature of stromal osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells in breast carcinoma: implications for tumour osteolysis and macrophage biology

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