Use of multiple endpoints to investigate the ecotoxicological effects of abamectin and thiamethoxam on Theba pisana snails

Pest Management Science

2022

BACKGROUND The white garden snail, Theba pisana, is distributed worldwide and is a serious molluscan pest of different crops. Emamectin benzoate (EMB) ‘an avermectin derivative’ is a novel biorational agent and highly effective pesticide. This study focused on the lethal and in vivo sublethal toxic effect of EMB on the energy reserves (glycogen, lipids and proteins), total energy reserves and activities of glutathione S‐transferase (GST), γ‐glutamyl transferase (γ‐GT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the hepatopancreas of T. pisana for up to 7 days of exposure. RESULTS The median lethal dose (LD50) at 48 h of EMB treatment was 5.34 μg g−1 body weight (b.w.). Sublethal doses of 1.07 and 3.20 μg g−1 b.w. (i.e., 20% and 60% of the LD50) led to significant dose‐ and time‐dependent decreases in glycogen and lipids; these doses increased the total protein level. Overall, the tested sublethal doses significantly decreased the total energy reserves. Moreover, GST and γ‐GT activities were elevated, whereas the activities of AST and ALT were inhibited in the exposed snails. A decrease in LDH activity after 1 and 3 days of exposure and an increase after 7 days of exposure were seen in snails treated with EMB. CONCLUSION EMB exerted lethal toxicity on T. pisana and consequently caused changes in energy reserve levels and enzyme activities in the animal. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Emamectin benzoate as a potential molluscicide against white garden snail, Theba pisana in association with biochemical defects

Pest Management Science

2022

“…[69][70][71] The elevated LPO in T. pisana shows that some cell injury due to oxidative stress may have occurred. 72,73 MDA is very reactive with biologically vital compounds; it can disrupt protein synthesis and inactivate enzymes, and it might have damaging effects on organisms exposed to xenobiotics. 68 LPO can disturb organelle function, membrane flexibility, association of biomolecules with membrane, and cell health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact toxicity and biochemical impact of metaldehyde against the white garden snail Theba pisana (Müller, 1774)

Abobakr

Pest Management Science

Abou-Elnasr

et al. 2021

BACKGROUND: Terrestrial snails are one of the most damaging threats to sustainable agriculture. Chemical control using molluscicides is the main approach used to combat these agricultural pests. Metaldehyde is the active ingredient in most snail control products in use. However, its toxicity indices and mode of action have scarcely been investigated. For the first time, we characterized the metaldehyde contact toxicity indices against the white garden snail Theba pisana. The biochemical impact of metaldehyde on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and the lipid peroxidation (LPO) level was investigated.

“…Snails belong to the molluscan class Gastropoda, which inhabit land, freshwater and marine environments. Several herbivorous land snail species including the helicid white garden snail, Theba pisana is utilized as a sensitive indicator for the diagnosis of chemical pollution and climatic changes ( The present study is a series of experiments in our laboratory to use several endpoints for investigating the ecotoxicological impacts of pesticides on the snail, T. pisana as a model organism (Radwan et al 1992;El-Gendy et al 2019). Based on the website information of the Agricultural Pesticides Committee (APC) of the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, the active ingredient of ABM is currently approved for use in 87 different formulated products against 8 different pests on 12 crops (APC, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the ecotoxicological perturbations induced by the biocide Abamectin in the white snail,Theba pisana

Radwan

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

2022

Abamectin (avermectin B1, ABM) has been widely used as a biocide in agriculture, veterinary and medicine worldwide. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity and sub-lethal biochemical responses of ABM on the non-target land snail, Theba pisana. Mortality of snails increased with the dose increase, resulting 48h-LD 50 value of 1.048 µg/snail. Sub-lethal effects were studied on the survivors of 20% and 60% LD 50 ABM doses and the biochemical parameters were assessed for up to 7 days of exposure. The results showed a decrease in glycogen content and lipids for two sub-lethal doses after all time intervals, whereas increased the level of total proteins after exposure to 60% LD 50 ABM.Overall, the tested sub-lethal doses signi cantly decreased the total energy reserves. ABM-exposure to snails elevated γ-Glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities at all-time intervals. A signi cant increase of Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was also recorded in snails exposed to 20% and 60% LD 50 after 7 days and all time intervals, respectively. However, ABM inhibited the activity of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) after 7 days of exposure. Our investigation provides new insights into the disturbances of energy reserves and enzyme activities in T. pisana snails that can be used as useful sentinel organism. Indeed, these tested biochemical parameters of the snails are sensitive and may be used as biomarkers for assessing ABM toxicity.