Use of Music to Reduce Anxiety during Office Hysteroscopy: Prospective Randomized Trial

Music Reduces Panic: An Initial Study of Listening to Preferred Music Improves Male Patient Discomfort and Anxiety During Flexible Cystoscopy

“…[21][22][23][24][25] Similarly, in our trial, we demonstrated that music could improve psychological and physiologic parameters related to pain and anxiety, the VAS score, and that the postprocedural STAI score among patients who listened to their preferred music were significantly lower, either in the patients with surveillance cystoscopy or diagnostic cystoscopy, and either in the patients with first time cystoscopy or repeated cystoscopy. Compared with group 1, the decrease of STAI score in group 2 was significantly more, but the increase of pulse rate was significantly less after the procedure, indicating that music intervention might smooth patients' mood, reduce their discomfort, and relieve their anxiety.…”

Pain, anxiety and patient satisfaction in office hysteroscopy, is there a link? Are patient satisfaction questionnaires reliable?

“…27 Carta on the other hand found waiting time (along with age and menopause) to be associated with increased pain but no increase in anxiety was found. 25 Gupta stated women in hysteroscopy outpatient units experience higher levels of anxiety than other patients in gynecology care.…”

“…[24][25][26] Distractions such as music may be associated with lower pain and anxiety. 27 As to patient satisfaction questionnaires, how well do they correlate with pain score? De Iaco wrote "one-third of women experienced severe pain, although most (83%) claimed they were willing to have a repeat procedure under the same conditions".…”

The unity of music and surgery: Music application in the perioperative period

“…Niz studija koje su ispitivale efekte perioperativno primenjene muzike je pokazao da je ona jednostavno primenjiva nefarmakološka adjuvantna terapija, neinvazivna, bezbedna i ekonomski opravdana metoda. Do sada je muzikoterapija primenjivana nakon ginekoloških procedura, carskog reza, hirurgije dojke, uroloških procedura, kardioloških procedura, abdominalne hirurgije, ortopedskih procedura i maksilofacijalne hirurgije, određenih dijagnostičkih i interventnih procedura (Tabela 2) [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] .…”