Use of Nanocomposites in Bone Regeneration

Abstract

This article examines the compositions of bone tissue grafting and presents tissue culture and engineering formally as an approach for orthopaedic surgery. We assessed articles on bone grafts, analyzed their properties, advantages, and restrictions, and delivered explanations on technologies, including bone-tissue engineering (BTE). Osteo graft materials range from real human bone autografts (self-grafts) to substitute materials that can be used as grafts. These can be used single-handedly or conjointly to improve bone healing and regeneration. Tissue engineering is a relatively newer and evolving alternative for reducing the challenges of bone grafts and improving the rehabilitation of bone fractures and defects. Shortly, the combination of scaffolds, healing factors, gene therapy, and, more recently, 3D printing of tissue-engineered constructs may yield new perceptions. Natural bone tissue has a nanocomposite structure that offers the right biological and physical characteristics. It is essential that the biomaterial resemble real bone tissue in order to regenerate bone tissue. Because they can offer the correct matrix environment, combine desirable biological features, and allow regulated, sequential distribution of numerous growth factors for the different phases of bone tissue regeneration, nanocomposites are the ideal alternative for bone tissue regeneration. This is because no single type of material can replicate the composition, structure, and characteristics of native bone. A relatively new class of materials called nanocomposite biomaterials combines a biopolymeric and biodegradable matrix structure with nanoscale fillers that are bioactive and easily resorbable. There are also some things to think about when using nanoparticles and nanocomposites as scaffolds in clinical settings for bone tissue engineering.

Phytochemical Compounds Involved in the Bone Regeneration Process and Their Innovative Administration: A Systematic Review

“…An advantage of using nanomedicine is the possibility of incorporating medicinal substances, phytochemicals or a mixture of two in different materials (biomaterials) that are compatible with bone tissue [ 121 , 122 , 123 ]. Moreover, because of their increased compatibility with the human body, the bioavailability of the substances administered through this route is increased, thus allowing a decrease in the doses administered [ 124 , 125 , 126 ].…”

“…The administration can be sustained at the level of the therapeutic plateau, and thus the number of administrations per day can be decreased. Increased compliance with the applied treatment can be thus gained [ 124 ]. The phytochemical compounds included in such systems are also protected from the factors that destroy their therapeutic activity, such as light, temperature and pH [ 123 , 124 , 125 ].…”

Phytochemical Compounds Involved in the Bone Regeneration Process and Their Innovative Administration: A Systematic Review

“…The advantages of using nanomedicine are multiple such as: the incorporation of medicinal substances, phytochemicals or their mixture in different materials (biomaterials) that are compatible with bone tissue [119][120][121]. Also, having an increased compatibility with the human body, the bioavailability of the substances administered by this route is increased, thus managing to decrease the doses administered [122][123][124].…”

“…The administration can be sustained at the level of the therapeutic plateau and thus the number of administrations per day can decrease, thus gaining increased compliance with the applied treatment [122]. The phytochemical compounds included in such systems are also protected from factors that destroy their therapeutic activity such as light, temperature and pH [121][122][123].…”

Worldwide trends on hydroxyapatite from animal waste for biomedical applications – a bibliometric analysis (2012-2022)

“…The use of hydroxyapatite-based scaffolds for hard tissue applications is gaining importance as a reliable option to bone replacements [1][2][3][4][5]. Due to the shortage of donors worldwide [6] and the threat of infection [7], autograft and allograft are not practical options for bone substitutes.…”