Use of Nanomaterials for Diagnosis and Treatment: The Advancement of Next-Generation Antiviral Therapy

2023

Food Funct.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics and postbiotics play a role in maintaining dermal health

Rawal

2023

Food Funct.

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“…The presence of mystical structural properties in multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) make them novel and attractive candidates to be used as chemical sensors (Meyyapan, 2016; Ali et al, 2021), superconductors (Futaba et al, 2006), a delivery vehicle for drugs, biomedical (Rafeeqi and Kaul, 2010) and agricultural (Patel et al, 2020) applications. Similarly, ZnO NPs have been utilised in various consumer products such as sunscreens for their excellent UV absorbing capacity (Mohammed et al, 2019), food packaging due to their great antimicrobial activity (Siddiqi et al, 2018) and as a potent antiviral agent (Mittal and Ali, 2022). It has also been realised to have growth-promoting and disease-preventing effects on various plants such as tomatoes and eggplants (Mittal et al, 2020; Elmer et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO nanoparticles and SWCNT induced general stress response pathway in HepG2 cells at non-cytotoxic doses revealed by RNA sequencing

Mittal

Kaul

2022

Preprint

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Nanoparticles (NPs) are important in a variety of sectors, including disease diagnostics, medicine, nutrition, and many other industries. The risk of human exposure demands an early evaluation of both the basic dynamics of NPs' interaction with biological systems and their potential consequences. Deciphering these occurrences will provide critical information regarding the health hazards and safety advantages associated with next-generation nanoformulations in clinical practice. We examined the HepG2 cell line in a systematic manner to determine the cellular response to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs. With the use of high-throughput transcriptomic methods, we found that both NPs induce comparable dysregulation of the endocytic and proteasomal complex genes in liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells, at levels (> 80 percent cell viability) that do not cause over-toxicity at early incubation period (6 h). SWCNT and ZnO NPs were shown to enter cells through clathrin-mediated pathways, affecting cytoskeleton gene expression, DNA damage and repair, protein ubiquitination, and cell transcriptional machinery. Our findings indicate that early response strategies activate stress-related mechanisms.

“…According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), mesoporpous materials are defined as materials with pore diameters ranging from 2 to 50 nm. The highly ordered, porous, tunable and textural properties make them a suitable candidate for targeted drug delivery applications (Mittal and Ali, 2022; Manzano and Regi, 2010), tissue regeneration (Chen et al, 2019) and biosensors (Ali et al, 2021; Cho et al, 2020). In addition, considerable attention has been paid towards the environmental application of these highly porous and thermally stable materials as a removal agent for environmental pollutants (Cashin et al, 2017; Zhang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse transcriptomic response of cellular system following low-dose exposure of mesoporous nanoparticles

Mittal

2022

Preprint

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Mesoporous nanoparticles are an interesting drug delivery system that has generated considerable attention in the biomedical sector. Despite recent attempts to conduct safety assessments using traditional methods based on phenotypic data, our understanding of the underlying molecular processes produced by mesoporous NPs is still in its infancy. In the present study, RNA sequencing was used to assess the biological perturbations and the pathways induced in response to early exposure of two different mesoporous NPs; mesoporous silica NPs and mesoporous carbon NPs in human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In order to better understand the risks associated with NPs, it is required to consider the initial low dose exposure effects that mimic the real exposure scenario. No overt toxicity was detected in the MTT assay when performed at 6 hours at low concentrations (MCN 25 g/ml and MSN 15 g/ml) of NPs; thus, RNA sequencing was used at this concentration. Our transcriptomics analysis showed significant differences in the expression of many genes after exposure to both NPs. Surprisingly, both NPs frequently deregulated 52.9 percent of upregulated and 42 percent of downregulated genes. Gene ontology categories, in particular, revealed comparable perturbations of biological reactions in the cellular system. HepG2 cells reacted to mesoporous NPs by allowing alterations in genes involved in cytoskeleton reorganisation (ATAT1, DMTN, PTK2 and PFN2). Exposure to mesoporous NPs increased transcripts expressing ubiquitin ligase (RNF187, ARIH2, VHL, and RAB40C), transferase (FBXO3 and WDSUB1), conjugating (UBE2J2), and also proteasomal subunits (PSMD2, PSMD13) enzymes, indicating that protein turnover rates are altered in response to environmental damage. In addition, DNA damage and DNA damage checkpoint genes were upregulated, indicating that NPs induced stress in the cells. These finding showed low dosage acute exposure have comparable responses between mesoporous NPs.