An experimental investigation was undertaken to study the effect of calcium sulphate (CaSO 4 .2H 2 O) on the behaviour of the grey clay (GS) and red clay (RS) soils stabilized with lime (L), natural pozzolana (NP) and their combination (L-NP
Keywords
Clayey soil, lime (L), natural pozzolana (NP), calcium sulphate, plasticity index (PI), unconfined compressive strength (UCS)
IntroductionCivil engineering projects located in areas with inappropriate soils is one of the most frequent problems in the world. Soil stabilization technique has been practiced for several years with the main aim to render the soils capable of meeting the requirements of the specific engineering projects [1]. Hydraulic binders (cement and L) were used as stabilizers in various civil engineering fields. Soils stabilization is a technique that requires the use of hydraulic binders alone or in combination with other mineral additives such as fly ash. Extensive studies have been carried out to study the different effects produced by the use of cement alone or in combination with L [2-4], rice husk ash, [5][6][7] and fly ash [8, 9] on physico-mechanical properties of soils.In the absence of sulphates, the reduction in the repulsion forces between the clay particles (due to the L addition) creates a bond between them and forms flocks. This change caused by L reduces the plasticity index and the maximum dry density of the stabilized soil but increases their optimum moisture content [10]. At the later stage, the increase in the concentration of hydroxyl (OH -) from L raises the pH of the soil, and causes the dissolution of alumina and silica which interact with calcium ions to form cementing products such as calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) and calcium aluminate hydrates (CAH). The formation of these compounds is responsible on the increase in unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values of the stabilized soil [11] and their shear strength values [12].However, in the presence of sulphates, the sulphate ions react with calcium, hydroxyl and aluminium compounds to form expansive phases such as ettringite. Furthermore, the magnitude of damage caused by the ettringite depends on the soil nature, the type and the content of additives [3] and the concentration and the type of cation associated with the sulphate anion [13]. Indeed, the effects caused by the presence of different types of sulphates on the geotechnical properties of soils stabilized with additives have been investigated by several researchers [13][14][15][16][17][18][19].