Use of Natural Products for Complementary Health Approaches among Psychiatric Outpatients in Japan

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to clarify frequencies of nonprescribed natural product use and associated sociodemographic and other characteristics among psychiatric outpatients in Japan. Methods: Using a self-report questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was conducted of 253 outpatients aged 20 years or older at two psychiatric clinics in Tokyo, Japan. The questionnaire asked sociodemographic characteristics, the use of natural products (4 types), and medication adherence. Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression predicting 12-month use of natural products on demographic variables. Results: A total of 241 patients responded to the survey (response rate, 95%). Statistical analysis was conducted for 189 respondents (females, 42%; average age, 47 years old). A total of 104 (55%) reported the use of any natural products: supplements/ health foods (41%), herbal tea (20%), aromatherapy (16%), and overthe-counter Kampo (Japanese herbal medicines) (8%). Significantly associated with natural product use were female (odds ratio [OR]: 4.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.87-9.77) and having any religion (OR: 2.91; 95% CI: 1.10-7.68). Respondents aged 65 years or older had a significantly smaller probability of using natural products (OR: .15, 95% CI: .03-.78). Among the respondents who reported carelessness with prescribed medications and stopping the drug when feeling worse, natural product users were fewer (OR: .24, 95% CI: .08-.76; OR: .11, 95% CI: .02-.69, respectively). Conclusions: Use of natural products such as supplements and Kampo was found to be common among psychiatric outpatients in Japan. Natural product users reported higher as being careful with prescribed medications.