Use of nociceptive threshold testing in cats in experimental and clinical settings: a qualitative review

Adami, Chiara; Spadavecchia, Claudia

doi:10.1016/j.vaa.2019.12.009

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Pain is a psychological, negative affective response accompanied by complex behavioral changes to alleviate discomfort [3]. Pain can be divided into neuropathic pain, cause by disease, and inflammatory pain (nociceptive pain), which arises from stimuli from damaged tissue [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Extract and Synthesized Derivatives of Isolated Compound from Symplocos chinensis f. Pilosa Ohwi on Neuropathic Pain in Mice

et al. 2021

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Neuropathic pain is described as the “most terrible of all tortures that a nerve wound may inflict.” The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the antinociceptive effect of Symplocos chinensis f. pilosa Ohwi water extract (SCW) and synthesized derivatives of the isolated compound. The antinociceptive effect was tested using the acetic acid-induced writhing and 5% formalin tests. Antinociceptive effects on neuropathic pain were evaluated using the von Frey test with chronic constriction injury (CCI) and surgical nerve injury (SNI) models and tail-flick test with a vincristine-induced pain model. An Ames test was also conducted. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) was isolated and derivatives were synthesized with various acid groups. Among the plant water extracts, SCW showed significantly effective activity. Additionally, SCW presented antinociceptive effects in the neuropathic pain models. The SCW water fraction resulted in fewer writhes than the other fractions, and isolated 5-HMF was identified as an effective compound. Because 5-HMF revealed a positive response in the Ames test, derivatives were synthesized. Among the synthesized derivations, 5-succinoxymethylfurfural (5-SMF) showed the best effect in the neuropathic pain model. Our data suggest that SCW and the synthesized compound, 5-SMF, possess effective antinociceptive activity against neuropathic pain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Extract and Synthesized Derivatives of Isolated Compound from Symplocos chinensis f. Pilosa Ohwi on Neuropathic Pain in Mice

et al. 2021

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“…In the case reported here, the unresponsiveness to analgesic drugs such as meloxicam, tramadol and paracetamol, together with the improvement observed with the use of gabapentin, as well as the lower mechanical thresholds in the right periocular area compared to left side of the face, may suggest that the pain experienced by the dog had a maladaptive component. Currently, there is already a body of scientific literature describing the clinical use of mechanical thresholds and quantitative sensory testing (QST) in veterinary medicine (Adami & Spadavecchia, 2020; Manchin et al., 2020). In the case presented here, the application of mechanical thresholds appeared to be useful to evaluate the subject's response to the trials with different systemic medications or interventional procedures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent socket pain in a dog after the enucleation of the eye and its clinical management

Gómez Molins,

Adami,

Shing

et al. 2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Persistent socket pain is a condition described in humans after enucleation of the eye. This report aims at describing this condition in dogs.A 10‐year‐old male‐neutered crossbreed was presented to the referral veterinary surgeon for enucleation of the right ocular globe. Anaesthesia and surgery were uneventful although during the postoperative period the dog was reluctant to open the mouth and to be explored by the referral veteterinary surgeon. Despite treatment with meloxicam, paracetamol and tramadol, no improvements were observed.Ten weeks after surgery, the dog was referred to the Dick White referrals for further investigations. Ophthalmic examination was normal, though palpation of the wound triggered an avoidance response. Magnetic resonance imaging showed changes compatible with orbital cellulitis.The area of interest was evaluated with the use of the mechanical Von Frey filaments. A response, characterised by sudden turning of the head and attempts to withdraw it, was evoked with filament 4.93 (8.0 g) during stimulation of the periorbital area.After induction of anaesthesia, an ultrasound‐guided injection containing levobupivacaine 0.5% and methylprednisolone was performed within the retrobulbar area.Three hours after recovery from anaesthesia, no discomfort was observed during palpation of the area. Re‐evaluation was performed with the Von Frey filaments; no response could be evoked during testing with all 20 filaments (from 2.36 to 6.65) applied on either side of the face.The patient was discharged with a course of gabapentin and, 3 weeks after the intervention, the dog showed no clinical signs of pain.Persistent socket pain is an unpleasant sensation at the level of the enucleated orbit, and it should be regarded as a challenging condition to diagnose and treat. The MRI findings appeared to be essential to select the most appropriate interventional treatment. The injection of local anaesthetic and steroid into the retrobulbar space was useful for both confirming the diagnosis and treating pain by reducing the peripheral signalling and decreasing the residual inflammation.

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“…Plasma cortisol levels [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], responses to pinprick stimulation [ 13 , 15 ], electrodermal activity [ 7 , 30 ] and physiological parameters such as HR or food intake [ 5 ] are the most commonly described ones, but none can be considered specific [ 6 , 7 ]. In order to objectify the assessment of nociception, electrically evoked nociceptive reflexes have been proposed in veterinary research [ 18 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. There are two main reflexes, the trigeminocervical reflex (TCR) and the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR), the latter being the most frequently reported in veterinary literature [ 18 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antinociceptive, Sedative and Excitatory Effects of Intravenous Butorphanol Administered Alone or in Combination with Detomidine in Calves: A Prospective, Randomized, Blinded Cross-Over Study

Maidanskaia

Mirra

Marchionatti

et al. 2023

Animals

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(1) Background: The diagnostic and therapeutic procedures performed under sedation or general anesthesia in bovines are numerous. The analgesic drugs that can be legally used are few, making perioperative analgesia challenging. (2) Methods: Calves were administered butorphanol 0.1 mg kg−1 alone (SB) or combined with 0.02 mg kg−1 of a detomidine (DB) IV. The antinociceptive effect (trigeminocervical reflex threshold (TCRt)), as well as the behavioral (sedation and excitation) and physiological (heart and respiratory rate) changes were investigated. Five time windows were defined: BL (30 min pre-injection), T1 (0–30 min post-injection (PI)), T2 (31–60 min PI), T3 (61–90 min PI) and T4 (91–120 min PI). (3) Results: Both groups had a significative increase in TCRt at T1-T4 compared to the BL. The TCRt was significatively higher in DB than in SB at T1, T2 and T4. Heart rate decreased significatively in DB compared to that in BL. Calves were significantly more sedated in the DB group, and significantly more excited in the SB group compared to the BL. (4) Conclusions: Butorphanol alone has a statistically significant antinociceptive effect, but it elicits marked excitation, limiting its clinical applicability under this dosing regimen. The co-administration of detomidine eliminated the excitatory effect and induced consistent sedation and a significantly more pronounced antinociceptive effect.

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Use of nociceptive threshold testing in cats in experimental and clinical settings: a qualitative review

Cited by 5 publications

References 81 publications

Effect of Extract and Synthesized Derivatives of Isolated Compound from Symplocos chinensis f. Pilosa Ohwi on Neuropathic Pain in Mice

Effect of Extract and Synthesized Derivatives of Isolated Compound from Symplocos chinensis f. Pilosa Ohwi on Neuropathic Pain in Mice

Persistent socket pain in a dog after the enucleation of the eye and its clinical management

Antinociceptive, Sedative and Excitatory Effects of Intravenous Butorphanol Administered Alone or in Combination with Detomidine in Calves: A Prospective, Randomized, Blinded Cross-Over Study

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