Use of non-nutritive-sweetened soft drink and risk of gestational diabetes

Maternal Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods-Rich Diet and Perinatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…After the removal of duplicates, 4.918 article titles and abstracts were screened. Of these, 151 full-text articles were further assessed for eligibility and, finally, 61 studies [ 4 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ,…”

“…The included studies were conducted in Africa [ 50 , 51 ], Asia [ 19 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ], America [ 4 , 18 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 89 ], Europe [ 20 , 21 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , …”

“…Regarding the exposure to UPF-rich diet consumption, seventeen articles assessed Western Diet Pattern (characterized by the presence of unhealthy foods such as savory and sweet snacks, cakes, cookies, desserts, refined grains, processed meats, fast foods, confectionaries and soft drinks) [ 20 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 51 , 57 , 62 , 67 , 68 , 71 , 80 , 83 , 85 ]; the intake of sweetened beverages was explored in twelve articles [ 46 , 49 , 52 , 56 , 64 , 70 , 72 , 73 , 75 , 78 , 79 , 82 ]; and specific manufactured food groups including UPF were analyzed in twelve articles [ 4 , 18 , 22 , 43 , 44 , 55 , 59 , 60 , 76 , 81 , 89 ]. In addition, studies also reported maternal consumption of junk foods [ 50 , 87 ], processed meats [ 65 , 69 ], snacks [ 61 , 84 ], industrial sweets [ 21 ...…”

“…Regarding to maternal outcomes, GWG was investigated in thirteen articles [ 4 , 18 , 36 , 42 , 51 , 58 , 64 , 67 , 77 , 81 , 84 , 89 , 90 ]; fifteen explored the association between maternal consumption and GDM [ 19 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 49 , 56 , 57 , 61 , 62 , 64 , 69 , 71 , 72 , 74 , 78 ]; and eight reported HDP, including maternal hypertension [ 20 , 35 , 39 , 52 ] and preeclampsia [ 20 , 37 , 39 , 45 , 75 , 76 ]. Two articles explored depressive symptoms during pregnancy [ 46 , 88 ].…”

“…Lamyian et al [ 19 ] observed greater chances of developing GDM among pregnant women with higher consumption of fast foods (OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.12, 5.43). Six cohort studies also identified an association between the consumption of UPF and a higher risk of GDM [ 56 , 57 , 69 , 71 , 74 , 78 ]. Three studies [ 49 , 62 , 71 ] found no significant association.…”