Use of Oxone® as a Potential Catalyst in Biodiesel Production from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD)

Lopes, Samuel Q.; Holanda, Fabrício H.; Jimenez, David Esteban Quintero; Nascimento, Luís Adriano Santos do; Oliveira, Alex de; Ferreira, Irlon M.

doi:10.1007/s10562-021-03698-2

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The spent Co‐HPW/MOF‐801 was first separated from the reaction products through centrifugation, followed by a thoroughly washing process with methanol, and subjected to drying at 80°C for overnight to be prepared for the next cycle. The experimental results of this investigation exhibited that LA conversion of 86.3% is reduced to 66.1% and 49.1% after the second and third cycles, respectively, and the gradual reduction in the conversion of LA may be attributed to the loss of mass during the washing steps and the Co‐HPW/MOF‐801's acidic active sites are leachable 62–64 . According to the results of XRD and FTIR analysis in Figure 9a,b, the characteristic peaks of used Co‐HPW/MOF‐801 did not have significant differences in the functional or crystalline structure compared to the fresh catalyst; this observation proves that the good structural stability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The experimental results of this investigation exhibited that LA conversion of 86.3% is reduced to 66.1% and 49.1% after the second and third cycles, respectively, and the gradual reduction in the conversion of LA may be attributed to the loss of mass during the washing steps and the Co-HPW/MOF-801's acidic active sites are leachable. [62][63][64] According to the results of XRD and FTIR analysis in Figure 9a,b, the characteristic peaks of used Co-HPW/MOF-801 did not have significant differences in the functional or crystalline structure compared to the fresh catalyst; this observation proves that the good structural stability. However, the catalytic activity can be partially recovered by regeneration of the used catalyst, but it requires extensive detailed study.…”

Section: Reusability Of the Co-hpw/mof-801 Nanocatalystmentioning

confidence: 80%

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In situ impregnation of cobalt‐doped tungstophosphoric acid on MOF‐801 toward enhanced catalytic activity for esterification

Zhang,

Hu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Applied Organom Chemis

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Development of an energy‐efficient and economical route is necessary for society to synthesize green biofuels. Herein, cobalt‐doped tungstophosphoric acid (Co‐HPW) is in‐situ impregnated in the Zr‐based metal–organic framework (MOF‐801) forming composite of Co‐HPW/MOF‐801. The chemical composition, morphology, and acidic sites of the Co‐HPW/MOF‐801 composite were analyzed through x‐ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), N2 physisorption, ammonia temperature‐programmed desorption (NH3‐TPD), pyridine‐adsorbed infrared spectra (Py‐FTIR), and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The catalytic performance of the as‐synthesized catalyst was explored to catalyze esterification of lauric acid (LA) with methanol. The outcomes revealed that the Co‐HPW/MOF‐801 nanocatalyst achieved a high conversion of 86.3% under the optimized reaction condition (catalyst amount of 0.15 g, temperature of 100°C, time of 4 h, and methanol/LA molar ratio of 20:1). The excellent catalytical performance is mainly due to the large BET surface area, exposure of more active centers from available pore structure, and simultaneous possession of high Lewis and Brønsted acidity. Furthermore, the kinetic study revealed that the reaction process was kinetically controlled and the activation energy was found to be 42.1 kJ/mol. The results suggest that the synthesized Co‐HPW/MOF‐801 nanocatalyst is an environmental greenness, low cost, and suitable for easy scale‐up for the production of biofuels.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Reusability Of the Co-hpw/mof-801 Nanocatalystmentioning

confidence: 80%

In situ impregnation of cobalt‐doped tungstophosphoric acid on MOF‐801 toward enhanced catalytic activity for esterification

Zhang,

Hu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Applied Organom Chemis

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“…For the esterification of the myristic acid, Oxone ® was used as a catalyst, while methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and n-butyl alcohols were separately used to produce the respective esters: MT (methyl tetradecanoate), ET (ethyl tetradecanoate), IT (isopropyl tetradecanoate), and BT (butyl tetradecanoate) [48]. Esterification was performed in a 50 mL reaction flask containing 1.0 g of myristic acid, 3 mL of alcohol (separately), and 0.2 g (20%) of Oxone ® salt and magnetically stirred for 12 h at 40 • C. Afterwards, the reactions were filtered, the organic phases were dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered, and the solvents were removed by vacuum under reduced pressure.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Methyl Ethyl Isopropyl and Butyl Esters From My...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Extraction of Annatto Seed Oily Extract and Its Use as a Pharmaceutical Material for the Production of Lipid Nanoparticles

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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This work developd nanomaterials formulated from annatto seed oily extract (ASE), myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid), and their fatty acid esters. The annatto seed oily extract was obtained using only soybean oil (ASE + SO) and Brazil nut oil (ASE + BNO). The UV/VIS analysis of the oily extracts showed three characteristic peaks of the bixin molecule at 430, 456 and 486 nm. The lipid nanoparticles obtained using myristic acid and ASE + BNO or only BNO showed better results than the oil soybean extract, i.e., the particle size was <200 nm, PDI value was in the range of 0.2–0.3, and had no visual physical instability as they kept stable for 28 days at 4 °C. Lipid nanoemulsions were also produced with esters of myristic acid and ASE + BNO. These fatty acid esters significantly influenced the particle size of nanoemulsions. For instance, methyl tetradecanoate led to the smallest particle size nanoemulsions (124 nm), homogeneous size distribution, and high physical stability under 4 and 32 °C for 28 days. This work demonstrates that the chemical composition of vegetable oils and myristic acid esters, the storage temperature, the chain length of fatty acid esters (FAE), and their use as co-lipids improve the physical stability of lipid nanoemulsions and nanoparticles from annatto seed oily extract.

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“…1,2 First-generation biomass feedstocks are cultivated crops purposely for energy production, and in contrast, the issue of competition for food security arises. 14 Then comes the possibility of using second-generation raw materials from agricultural residues, 15 animals, [16][17][18][19] edible vegetables, 4,20,21 industrial 20,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and domestic. 10,32,33 And third and fourth-generation raw materials are microalgae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol and microwave-assisted catalysis: recent progress in batch and flow devices

Costas

Oliveira

Esposito

et al. 2023

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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Use of Oxone® as a Potential Catalyst in Biodiesel Production from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD)

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

In situ impregnation of cobalt‐doped tungstophosphoric acid on MOF‐801 toward enhanced catalytic activity for esterification

In situ impregnation of cobalt‐doped tungstophosphoric acid on MOF‐801 toward enhanced catalytic activity for esterification

Green Extraction of Annatto Seed Oily Extract and Its Use as a Pharmaceutical Material for the Production of Lipid Nanoparticles

Glycerol and microwave-assisted catalysis: recent progress in batch and flow devices

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