PURPOSE An earlier randomized controlled trial of prevention care management (PCM) found signifi cant improvement in breast, cervical, and colorectal cancerscreening rates among women attending Community Health Centers but required substantial research support. This study evaluated the impact of a streamlined PCM delivered through a Medicaid managed care organization (MMCO), an infrastructure with the potential to sustain this program for the long term.
METHODS This randomized trial was conducted within an MMCO serving NewYork City between May 2005 and December 2005. A total of 1,316 women aged 40 to 69 years and not up to date for at least 1 targeted cancer-screening test were randomized to either PCM or a comparison group. Women in the PCM group received up to 3 scripted telephone calls to identify barriers and provide support to obtain any needed breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer-screening tests. Women in the comparison group received a modifi ed version of the MMCO's established mammography telephone outreach program, also in up to 3 calls. Women in both groups received a fi nancial incentive on confi rmation that they had received a mammogram. Screening status was assessed through MMCO administrative data. Groups were compared using odds ratios.
RESULTSIn an intent-to-treat comparison adjusted for baseline screening status, PCM women were 1.69 times more likely to be up-to-date for colorectal cancerscreening tests at follow-up than women in the comparison group (95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.77). Follow-up screening rates for cervical and breast cancer did not differ signifi cantly between study groups on an intent-to-treat basis.
CONCLUSIONSThe abbreviated PCM telephone intervention was feasible to deliver through an MMCO and improved screening for 1 cancer. This approach has the potential to improve cancer-screening rates signifi cantly in settings that can provide telephone support to women known to be overdue. 2007;5:320-327. DOI: 10.1370/afm.701.
Ann Fam Med
INTRODUCTIONL ower cancer-screening rates among low-income and minority women may contribute to more late-stage diagnoses and higher rates of cancer mortality. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Although socioeconomic variables such as income and education may explain much of the disparity in cancer screening observed between racial and ethnic groups, 2,7,8 disparities nonetheless remain. Recent surveys in New York City found that Hispanics and African Americans were less likely to be screened for colorectal cancer than whites, 9,10 and cancer mortality rates were 1.3 times higher among residents living in low-income areas than among their counterparts in higher-income areas.
11A previously reported randomized controlled trial of a prevention care management (PCM) intervention found an improvement in cancer- 12 PCM is a telephone-based intervention delivered by trained staff to women who were not up-to-date for breast, cervical, or colorectal cancer screening, to help them overcome barriers to receiving needed tests. The intervention signifi cantly...