Use of Plant Growth Regulators for Feathering and Flower Suppression of Apple Nursery Trees

Lordan, Jaume; Robinson, Terence L.; Sazo, Mario Miranda; Cowgill, W.; Black, Brent; Huffman, Leslie; Grigg-McGuffin, Kristy; Francescatto, Poliana; McArtney, Steven J.

doi:10.21273/hortsci11918-17

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The other factors should be also considered as important for interannual variability. For example, the temperature and the humidity during and a few hours after phytohormone application can influence its uptake and utilization (Lordan et al 2017). We assume that even the factors and climatic conditions of the previous year can influence the syllepsis in next year e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf pinching and phytohormones - two important components for the branching induction on sweet cherry

Laňar¹,

Mészáros²,

Kyselová³

et al. 2019

Hort. Sci. (Prague)

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The promising branching agent cyclanilide [1-(2,4-dichlorophenylaminocarbonyl)-cyclopropane carboxylic acid] is not permitted in the EU and the low vigour rootstocks preferred by growers make the branching of young sweet cherry (Prunus avium) trees difficult in the temperate zone production regions. To increase the number and length of new branches (“feathers”) on such trees, chemical (6-benzyladenine [BA], gibberellic acid [GA<sub>4/7</sub>]), mechanical (leaf pinching, summer notching) and various combined treatments were tested from 2015–2018. The numbers of feathers divided into three different lengths (1–10 cm, 10–30 cm and > 30 cm) were assessed as the main indicator of quality, supplemented with other morphological characteristics. Summer notching induced an insufficient number of feathers and led to some negative effects on the trees. The number of feathers from BA or BA with GA<sub>4/7</sub> treatment also was insufficient. The effect of pinching alone was variable. The number of all feathers generally was highest when pinching was combined with BA, regardless of the year or cultivar.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf pinching and phytohormones - two important components for the branching induction on sweet cherry

Laňar¹,

Mészáros²,

Kyselová³

et al. 2019

Hort. Sci. (Prague)

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“…¨Journal of Environmental Biology, January 2023s hoots formation in apple nursery trees varies from region to region (Robinson and Sazo, 2014;Lordan et al, 2017) because effect of plant growth regulators varies depending on the cultivar (Lordan et al, 2017;Necas et al, 2020), rootstock (Rufato et al, 2019), and ecological condition (Lordan et al, 2017). Additionally, sylleptic shoot formation may be influenced by nutrient availability (Radivojevic et al, 2016), supply of irrigation water (Doric et al, 2014), plant density, cultural practices, biotic and abiotic stress, etc.…”

Section: O N L I N E C O P Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of plant growth regulators on growth and formation of sylleptic shoots in one-year-old apple cv. Gala Mast

Kumawat¹,

Raja²,

Chand³

et al. 2023

JEB

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Aim: To examine the effectiveness of 6-benzyladenine (BA) alone or in combination with gibberellic acid (GA3) on sylleptic shoots formation on one-year-old apple cv. Gala Mast grafted on MM-106 rootstock. Methodology: During the second vegetative period, the actively growing apical portion of the nursery tree was sprayed with varying doses of BA and BA+GA3 (200, 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 ppm) using a hand sprayer until run-off. Three spray treatments were performed at one week apart. The first spray was applied when the growth of the central leader reached 70-80 cm. Results: All plant growth regulators treatments significantly increased the number and length of sylleptic shoots, branching zone and per cent branched trees compared to control. The unsprayed trees had an average of 1.95 useful sylleptic per tree, 1.1 m total sylleptic shoot length, 10.24 cm branching zone and 35 per cent branched trees. Application of BA (700 ppm) resulted in four-fold increase in the number of sylleptic shoots (7.8), more than two-fold increase in total length of sylleptic shoots (2.44 m), and around four-fold increase in branching zone (38.96 cm). The 100 per cent branched trees were obtained with the application of BA (500, 600, 700 ppm) and BA+GA3 (600, 700 ppm) in both experimental years. Moreover, these treatments obtained 2.78 to 2.90 values of the trunk and mean sylleptic shoot diameter ratio. Interpretation: Application of BA alone or in combination with GA3 played an important role in overcoming apical dominance and therefore in the production of well-branched apple nursery tree. However, application of BA alone has a stronger positive effect on sylleptic shoot formation. More than 400 ppm BA appears to give a significant stimulation for the production of sylleptic shoots, with the highest beneficial effect reported with the application of 700 ppm BA. However, it is cost-effective to apply 3 sprays of 500 ppm BA for adequate growth and sylleptic shoot production. Key words: 6-benzyladenine, Gibberellic acid, Nursery tree, Plant growth regulators, Sylleptic shoot

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“…Another option is chemical induction that is quicker and less labour-intensive. Although many chemicals were tested (Quinlan and Preston, 1973;Cody et al, 1985;Elfving, 2010;Nečas et al, 2018), cytokinin benzyladenine (BA) and a mixture of benzyladenine with gibberellins (GA 4/7 or GA 3) are considered both most universal and reliable (Magyar and Hrotkó, 2002;Elfving and Visser, 2006;Elfving, 2010;Lordan et al, 2017). BA is the main agent inducing branching while GA usually increases the length of the feathers (Magyar and Hrotkó, 2002;Dorić et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branching of nursery apples and plums using various branching inducing methods

Laňar¹,

Mészáros²,

Kyselová³

et al. 2020

JCEA

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Chemical (benzyladenine -BA, gibberelins -GA 4/7 ), mechanical (leaf pinching), and combined treatments were tested in 2015 and 2016 to increase the number and length of sylleptic side shoots (feathers) on apple (´Rubinola´, ´Topaz´/M9) and plum (´Elena´, ´Tophit´/St. J. A) trees. The numbers of feathers of three different lengths (1-10, 10-30, and >30 cm) were measured as the main indicator of quality along with other important morphological characteristics. The numbers of all feathers on both apple cultivars were the highest when BA was applied four times. However, mainly an increase in the numbers of shorter feathers was observed in both years. The efficiency of leaf pinching of apple trees was low. The numbers of all feathers and feathers 1-10 and 10-30 cm in length were the highest in both plum cultivars when BA was applied four times in both years. In contrast to apples, the induction of feathers longer than 30 cm improved in plum cultivars when pinching was used. Thus this approach can be also effective in organic production. ABSTRAKTV letech 2015 a 2016 byla testována chemická (6-benzyladenin -BA, gibereliny -GA 4/7 ) a mechanická (seštipování listů) ošetření a jejich kombinace pro zvýšení počtu a délky bočních syleptických výhonů (obrostu) jabloní (´Rubinola´, ´Topaz´/M9) a slivoní (´Elena´, ´Tophit´/St. J. A). Hlavním indikátorem kvality výpěstků byl počet výhonů tří různých délek (1-10, 10-30 a >30 cm) spolu s dalšími důležitými měřenými morfologickými charakteristikami. Obě jabloňové odrůdy měly nejvyšší počet výhonů při čtyřikrát opakovaném ošetření BA, ale vliv byl v obou letech zaznamenán pouze na zvýšení počtu kratších výhonů. Seštipování listů mělo u jabloní malou efektivitu. Obě slivoňové odrůdy měly nejvyšší celkový počet výhonů a počty výhonů délky 1-10 cm a 10-30 cm také při čtyřikrát opakovaném ošetření BA v obou letech. Na rozdíl od jabloní byl ale počet výhonů délky nad 30 cm u slivoní nejvíce podpořen v případě provedení samotného seštipování. Proto by seštipování mohlo být efektivně využíváno i v ekologické produkci.

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Use of Plant Growth Regulators for Feathering and Flower Suppression of Apple Nursery Trees

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Leaf pinching and phytohormones - two important components for the branching induction on sweet cherry

Leaf pinching and phytohormones - two important components for the branching induction on sweet cherry

Influence of plant growth regulators on growth and formation of sylleptic shoots in one-year-old apple cv. Gala Mast

Branching of nursery apples and plums using various branching inducing methods

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